Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2014 Dec;22:73-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.012.
Extracellular vesicles (EV) produced by eukaryotic microbes play an important role during infection. EV release is thought to benefit microbial invasion by delivering a high concentration of virulence factors to distal host cells or to the cytoplasm of a host cell. EV can significantly impact the outcome of host–pathogen interaction in a cargo-dependent manner. Release of EV from eukaryotic microbes poses unique challenges when compared to their bacterial or archaeal counterparts. Firstly, the membrane-bound organelles within eukaryotes facilitate multiple mechanisms of vesicle generation. Secondly, the fungal cell wall poses a unique barrier between the vesicle release site at the plasma membrane and its destined extracellular environment. This review focuses on these eukaryotic-specific aspects of vesicle synthesis and release.
真核微生物产生的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 在感染过程中发挥着重要作用。人们认为，EV 的释放通过将高浓度的毒力因子递送到远隔的宿主细胞或宿主细胞的细胞质中，有利于微生物的入侵。EV 可以以依赖于货物的方式显著影响宿主-病原体相互作用的结果。与细菌或古菌相比，真核微生物 EV 的释放带来了独特的挑战。首先，真核生物中的膜结合细胞器促进了囊泡生成的多种机制。其次，真菌细胞壁在质膜上的囊泡释放位点与其预期的细胞外环境之间形成了独特的屏障。本综述重点介绍了囊泡合成和释放的这些真核生物特异性方面。
