Albrechtova Katerina, Papousek Ivo, De Nys Helene, Pauly Maude, Anoh Etile, Mossoun Arsene, Dolejska Monika, Masarikova Martina, Metzger Sonya, Couacy-Hymann Emmanuel, Akoua-Koffi Chantal, Wittig Roman M, Klimes Jiri, Cizek Alois, Leendertz Fabian H, Literak Ivan
Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
Project Group "Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Department of Primatology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 4;9(12):e113548. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113548. eCollection 2014.
Antimicrobial resistance genes can be found in all ecosystems, including those where antibiotic selective pressure has never been exerted. We investigated resistance genes in a collection of faecal samples of wildlife (non-human primates, mice), people and domestic animals (dogs, cats) in Côte d'Ivoire; in the chimpanzee research area of Taï National Park (TNP) and adjacent villages. Single bacteria isolates were collected from antibiotic-containing agar plates and subjected to molecular analysis to detect Enterobacteriaceae isolates with plasmid-mediated genes of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR). While the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the villages was 27% in people (n = 77) and 32% in dogs (n = 38), no ESBL-producer was found in wildlife of TNP (n = 75). PMQR genes, mainly represented by qnrS1, were also present in human- and dog-originating isolates from the villages (36% and 42% in people and dogs, respectively), but no qnrS has been found in the park. In TNP, different variants of qnrB were detected in Citrobacter freundii isolates originating non-human primates and mice. In conclusion, ESBL and PMQR genes frequently found in humans and domestic animals in the villages were rather exceptional in wildlife living in the protected area. Although people enter the park, the strict biosecurity levels they are obliged to follow probably impede transmission of bacteria between them and wildlife.
抗菌耐药基因存在于所有生态系统中，包括那些从未施加过抗生素选择压力的生态系统。我们调查了科特迪瓦野生动物（非人灵长类动物、小鼠）、人类和家畜（狗、猫）粪便样本中的耐药基因；这些样本来自塔伊国家公园（TNP）的黑猩猩研究区域及周边村庄。从含有抗生素的琼脂平板上收集单个细菌分离株，并进行分子分析，以检测携带质粒介导的超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）基因和质粒介导喹诺酮耐药性（PMQR）的肠杆菌科分离株。在村庄中，产ESBL的大肠杆菌在人类（n = 77）中的流行率为27%，在狗（n = 38）中的流行率为32%，而在TNP的野生动物（n = 75）中未发现产ESBL的菌株。PMQR基因主要由qnrS1代表，也存在于村庄中人类和狗源的分离株中（分别在人类和狗中为36%和42%），但在公园中未发现qnrS。在TNP，在源自非人灵长类动物和小鼠的弗氏柠檬酸杆菌分离株中检测到了不同变体的qnrB。总之，在村庄的人类和家畜中经常发现的ESBL和PMQR基因，在生活在保护区的野生动物中相当罕见。尽管人们进入公园，但他们必须遵守的严格生物安全水平可能会阻碍细菌在他们与野生动物之间的传播。
