Whitley-Hunter Brandi L
Masters in health administration, University of La Verne, La Verne, United States.
J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2014 Oct;2(4):138-45.
Emotional intelligence (EI) is considered a critical component of a nurse's characteristic trait which is known as a significant predictor of a person's job performance and life success. Transactional Analysis (TA) plays a fundamental role in nurse-patient communication and managing emotions during difficult dialect with patients. The aim of this review is to discuss the framework of EI and TA, and how the combined theories can be utilized to further educate nurses and enhance the patient's experience. Exploring the idea of combining EI, TA, and other theories and adding these addendums to the nursing curriculum may advance the empathy and communication skills of nursing students.
The method used in this review is a literature search using databases, such as Medline, EBSCO, and Google Scholar, etc. to form a critical discussion of this area. Key words such as emotional intelligence, transactional analysis, nursing curriculum, and relating theoretical models were used to identify applicable documents. Four studies involving EI and TA were sampled. A combination of data collection tools, such as lecture series and intervention programs, were used to authenticate the results. Other instruments used were ego state questionnaires, empathy, and five point Likert scales. No study design or type of literature was excluded in healthcare to substantiate the application of EI and TA into the nursing curriculum.
Sixteen nurses attended a six-week psycho-education program using communication and empathy scales, and patient satisfaction surveys to improve their empathetic and communication skills. The result of the mean communication score (177.8±20) increased to (198.8±15) after training (p=0.001). The empathy score increased from 25.7±7 to 32.6±6 (p=0.001). The overall result reflects that training can improve emergency nurse's communication and empathy skills.
The data suggests there are under-researched theories with futuristic topics that have value to the nursing community. Suitable evaluation of these theories is vital to nursing education. Implementation and training for nursing students and existing nurses may help shift the culture of medical education ahead by creating a more educated and empathetic work environment.
情商（EI）被认为是护士特质的一个关键组成部分，而护士特质是一个人工作表现和生活成功的重要预测指标。交互分析（TA）在护患沟通以及在与患者艰难对话期间管理情绪方面发挥着重要作用。本综述的目的是讨论情商和交互分析的框架，以及如何运用这两种理论来进一步培训护士并提升患者体验。探索将情商、交互分析及其他理论相结合并将这些补充内容纳入护理课程的想法，可能会提高护理专业学生的同理心和沟通技巧。
本综述采用的方法是通过使用诸如医学期刊数据库（Medline）、EBSCO和谷歌学术等数据库进行文献检索，以形成对该领域的批判性讨论。使用诸如情商、交互分析、护理课程以及相关理论模型等关键词来识别适用文献。抽取了四项涉及情商和交互分析的研究。使用了诸如系列讲座和干预项目等多种数据收集工具来验证结果。使用的其他工具包括自我状态问卷、同理心和五点李克特量表。在医疗保健领域，不排除任何研究设计或文献类型以证实情商和交互分析在护理课程中的应用。
16名护士参加了一个为期六周的心理教育项目，该项目使用沟通和同理心量表以及患者满意度调查来提高他们的同理心和沟通技巧。平均沟通得分结果从培训前的（177.8±20）提高到了（198.8±15）（p=0.001）。同理心得分从25.7±7提高到了32.6±6（p=0.001）。总体结果表明培训可以提高急诊护士的沟通和同理心技巧。
数据表明，有一些关于未来主题的理论研究不足，但对护理界具有价值。对这些理论进行适当评估对护理教育至关重要。对护理专业学生和在职护士进行实施和培训，可能有助于通过营造一个更有素养和更具同理心的工作环境，推动医学教育文化向前发展。
