与美国吸烟者相比，中国吸烟者接触致癌物的情况不同。
Different profiles of carcinogen exposure in Chinese compared with US cigarette smokers.
作者信息
Benowitz Neal L, Gan Quan, Goniewicz Maciej L, Lu Wei, Xu Jiying, Li Xinjian, Jacob Peyton, Glantz Stanton
机构信息
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, Departments of Medicine, and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
出版信息
Tob Control. 2015 Dec;24(e4):e258-63. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051945. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
BACKGROUND
Differences in carcinogen exposure from different cigarette products could contribute to differences in smoking-associated cancer incidence among Chinese compared with US smokers.
METHODS
Urine concentrations of metabolites of nicotine, the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (PAHs) were compared in 238 Chinese and 203 US daily smokers.
RESULTS
Comparing Chinese versus US smokers, daily nicotine intake and nicotine intake per cigarette smoked were found to be similar. When normalised for cigarettes per day, urine NNAL excretion was fourfold higher in US smokers, while the excretion of urine metabolites of the PAHs fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene metabolites was 50% to fourfold higher in Chinese smokers (all, p<0.0001). Similar results were seen when NNAL and PAHs excretion was normalised for daily nicotine intake.
CONCLUSIONS
Patterns of carcinogen exposure differ, with lower exposure to TSNA and higher exposure to PAHs in Chinese compared with US smokers. These results most likely reflect country differences in cigarette tobacco blends and manufacturing processes, as well as different environmental exposures.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT00264342.
背景
与美国吸烟者相比，中国吸烟者因不同卷烟产品导致的致癌物暴露差异可能是吸烟相关癌症发病率存在差异的原因。
方法
比较了238名中国每日吸烟者和203名美国每日吸烟者尿液中尼古丁代谢物、烟草特有亚硝胺（TSNA）4-（甲基亚硝胺基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁醇（NNAL）以及多环芳烃代谢物（PAHs）的浓度。
结果
比较中国吸烟者和美国吸烟者发现，每日尼古丁摄入量以及每支烟的尼古丁摄入量相似。以每日吸烟支数进行标准化后，美国吸烟者尿液中NNAL排泄量高出四倍，而中国吸烟者尿液中芴、菲和芘代谢物的PAHs排泄量高出50%至四倍（均p<0.0001）。以每日尼古丁摄入量对NNAL和PAHs排泄量进行标准化时，结果相似。
结论
致癌物暴露模式存在差异，与美国吸烟者相比，中国吸烟者接触TSNA较少，接触PAHs较多。这些结果很可能反映了两国在卷烟烟草配方和制造工艺以及不同环境暴露方面的差异。
试验注册号
NCT00264342。
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