Simplican Stacy Clifford, Leader Geraldine, Kosciulek John, Leahy Michael
MSU-DOCTRID (Michigan State University - Daughters of Charity - Technology, Research Into Disability) Research Institute, Hegarty Fellow Program, Michigan State University, USA; Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education, Michigan State University, USA.
Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Res Dev Disabil. 2015 Mar;38:18-29. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.008. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
Social inclusion is an important goal for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, families, service providers, and policymakers; however, the concept of social inclusion remains unclear, largely due to multiple and conflicting definitions in research and policy. We define social inclusion as the interaction between two major life domains: interpersonal relationships and community participation. We then propose an ecological model of social inclusion that includes individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and socio-political factors. We identify four areas of research that our ecological model of social inclusion can move forward: (1) organizational implementation of social inclusion; (2) social inclusion of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities living with their families, (3) social inclusion of people along a broader spectrum of disability, and (4) the potential role of self-advocacy organizations in promoting social inclusion.
社会包容是智力和发育障碍者、家庭、服务提供者及政策制定者的重要目标；然而，社会包容的概念仍不明确，这主要是由于研究和政策中存在多种相互冲突的定义。我们将社会包容定义为两个主要生活领域之间的互动：人际关系和社区参与。然后，我们提出了一个社会包容的生态模型，其中包括个人、人际、组织、社区和社会政治因素。我们确定了社会包容生态模型可以推动的四个研究领域：（1）社会包容的组织实施；（2）与家人共同生活的智力和发育障碍者的社会包容；（3）更广泛残疾群体的社会包容；（4）自我倡导组织在促进社会包容方面的潜在作用。
