Zhu Lucy, Zhu Hua
Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics Rutgers, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, 07103, USA.
Virol Sin. 2014 Dec;29(6):327-42. doi: 10.1007/s12250-014-3539-2. Epub 2014 Dec 15.
Herpesviruses are a prominent cause of human viral disease, second only to the cold and influenza viruses. Most herpesvirus infections are mild or asymptomatic. However, when the virus invades the eye, a number of pathologies can develop and its associated sequelae have become a considerable source of ocular morbidity. The most common culprits of herpetic eye disease are the herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). While primary infection can produce ocular disease, the most destructive manifestations tend to arise from recurrent infection. These recurrent infections can wreck devastating effects and lead to irreversible vision loss accompanied by a decreased quality of life, increased healthcare usage, and significant cost burden. Unfortunately, no method currently exists to eradicate herpesviruses from the body after infection. Treatment and management of herpes-related eye conditions continue to revolve around antiviral drugs, although corticosteroids, interferons, and other newer therapies may also be appropriate depending on the disease presentation. Ultimately, the advent of effective vaccines will be crucial to preventing herpesvirus diseases altogether and cutting the incidence of ocular complications.
疱疹病毒是人类病毒性疾病的主要病因，仅次于感冒和流感病毒。大多数疱疹病毒感染症状轻微或无症状。然而，当病毒侵入眼睛时，会引发多种病变，其相关后遗症已成为眼部发病的重要原因。疱疹性眼病最常见的病原体是单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）、水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）。虽然初次感染可引发眼部疾病，但最具破坏性的表现往往来自复发性感染。这些复发性感染会造成毁灭性影响，导致不可逆转的视力丧失，同时生活质量下降、医疗保健使用增加，并带来巨大的成本负担。不幸的是，目前尚无方法在感染后从体内根除疱疹病毒。疱疹相关眼部疾病的治疗和管理仍以抗病毒药物为主，不过根据疾病表现，皮质类固醇、干扰素和其他新型疗法也可能适用。最终，有效疫苗的出现对于全面预防疱疹病毒疾病和降低眼部并发症的发生率至关重要。
