Saitoh Jun-ichi, Nakano Takashi
Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2014 Dec;41(13):2546-9.
Recently, particle beam radiotherapy with protons or carbon ions has been used in cancer treatment. Energy deposition with particle beams increases as depth increases. Furthermore, carbon ion beams have stronger biological effects than X-rays or proton beams, because carbon beams generate denser ionization along the pathway of the particles. In Japan, clinical study with carbon ions for cancer therapy was initiated in 1994 at the National Institute of Radiological Science(NIRS). Four treatment facilities are now in operation, including Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center. The experience with carbon ion radiotherapy at NIRS has demonstrated advantages for the following types of cancer. In terms of histological type, adenocarcinomas, sarcomas, and melanomas that are relatively radioresistant to conventional X-ray radiotherapy may be sensitive to carbon ion radiotherapy. Primary sites that may be sensitive include the head and neck region, lung, liver, prostate, bone and soft tissue, and pelvis(for recurrence of rectal cancer). Combined with surgery, cytotoxic drugs, molecular targeted drugs, and immunotherapy, carbon ion radiotherapy promises to be an important modality in the future.
最近，质子或碳离子粒子束放射治疗已被用于癌症治疗。粒子束的能量沉积随着深度的增加而增加。此外，碳离子束比X射线或质子束具有更强的生物学效应，因为碳束在粒子路径上产生更密集的电离。在日本，1994年国立放射科学研究所（NIRS）开始了碳离子癌症治疗的临床研究。目前有四个治疗设施在运行，包括群马大学重离子医学中心。NIRS的碳离子放射治疗经验已证明对以下类型的癌症具有优势。就组织学类型而言，对传统X射线放射治疗相对抗拒的腺癌、肉瘤和黑色素瘤可能对碳离子放射治疗敏感。可能敏感的原发部位包括头颈部区域、肺、肝、前列腺、骨和软组织以及骨盆（用于直肠癌复发）。与手术、细胞毒性药物、分子靶向药物和免疫疗法相结合，碳离子放射治疗有望在未来成为一种重要的治疗方式。
