Betancor M B, Sprague M, Usher S, Sayanova O, Campbell P J, Napier J A, Tocher D R
Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
Sci Rep. 2015 Jan 29;5:8104. doi: 10.1038/srep08104.
For humans a daily intake of up to 500 mg omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) is recommended, amounting to an annual requirement of 1.25 million metric tonnes (mt) for a population of 7 billion people. The annual global supply of n-3 LC-PUFA cannot meet this level of requirement and so there is a large gap between supply and demand. The dietary source of n-3 LC-PUFA, fish and seafood, is increasingly provided by aquaculture but using fish oil in feeds to supply n-3 LC-PUFA is unsustainable. Therefore, new sources of n-3 LC-PUFA are required to supply the demand from aquaculture and direct human consumption. One approach is metabolically engineering oilseed crops to synthesize n-3 LC-PUFA in seeds. Transgenic Camelina sativa expressing algal genes was used to produce an oil containing n-3 LC-PUFA to replace fish oil in salmon feeds. The oil had no detrimental effects on fish performance, metabolic responses or the nutritional quality of the fillets of the farmed fish.
对于人类，建议每日摄入高达500毫克的ω-3（n-3）长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA），对于70亿人口而言，这相当于每年需要125万吨。全球n-3 LC-PUFA的年度供应量无法满足这一需求水平，因此供需之间存在巨大差距。n-3 LC-PUFA的膳食来源，即鱼类和海鲜，越来越多地由水产养殖提供，但在饲料中使用鱼油来供应n-3 LC-PUFA是不可持续的。因此，需要新的n-3 LC-PUFA来源来满足水产养殖和人类直接消费的需求。一种方法是对油料作物进行代谢工程改造，使其在种子中合成n-3 LC-PUFA。表达藻类基因的转基因亚麻荠被用于生产含有n-3 LC-PUFA的油，以替代鲑鱼饲料中的鱼油。这种油对鱼类生长性能、代谢反应或养殖鱼类鱼片的营养质量没有不利影响。
