Huang Lina, Ma Wenya, Ma Yidi, Feng Dan, Chen Hongyang, Cai Benzhi
Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin 150081, China.
Int J Biol Sci. 2015 Jan 12;11(2):238-45. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.10725. eCollection 2015.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still a major cause of people deaths worldwide, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation holds great promise due to its capacity to differentiate into cardiovascular cells and secrete protective cytokines, which presents an important mechanism of MSCs therapy for CVDs. Although the capability of MSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMCs), endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been well recognized in massive previous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, low survival rate of transplanted MSCs in recipient hearts suggests that therapeutic effects of MSCs transplantation might be also correlated with other underlying mechanisms. Notably, recent studies uncovered that MSCs were able to secret cholesterol-rich, phospholipid exosomes which were enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs). The released exosomes from MSCs acted on hearts and vessels, and then exerted anti-apoptosis, cardiac regeneration, anti-cardiac remodeling, anti-inflammatory effects, neovascularization and anti-vascular remodeling, which are considered as novel molecular mechanisms of therapeutic potential of MSCs transplantation. Here we summarized recent advances about the role of exosomes in MSCs therapy for CVDs, and discussed exosomes as a novel approach in the treatment of CVDs in the future.
心血管疾病（CVDs）仍是全球人口死亡的主要原因，而间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植因其能够分化为心血管细胞并分泌保护性细胞因子而具有巨大潜力，这是MSCs治疗CVDs的重要机制。尽管在大量先前的体内和体外实验中，MSCs分化为心肌细胞（CMCs）、内皮细胞（ECs）和血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）的能力已得到充分认可，但移植的MSCs在受体心脏中的低存活率表明，MSCs移植的治疗效果可能还与其他潜在机制有关。值得注意的是，最近的研究发现，MSCs能够分泌富含胆固醇的磷脂外泌体，这些外泌体富含微小RNA（miRNAs）。MSCs释放的外泌体作用于心脏和血管，进而发挥抗凋亡、心脏再生、抗心脏重塑、抗炎、新血管形成和抗血管重塑作用，这些被认为是MSCs移植治疗潜力的新分子机制。在此，我们总结了外泌体在MSCs治疗CVDs中的作用的最新进展，并讨论了外泌体作为未来治疗CVDs的新方法。
