Rabita G, Dorel S, Slawinski J, Sàez-de-Villarreal E, Couturier A, Samozino P, Morin J-B
Research Department, National Institute of Sport, INSEP, Paris, France.
Laboratory "Movement, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), University of Nantes, Nantes, France.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015 Oct;25(5):583-94. doi: 10.1111/sms.12389. Epub 2015 Jan 31.
The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanics of maximal running sprint acceleration in high-level athletes. Four elite (100-m best time 9.95-10.29 s) and five sub-elite (10.40-10.60 s) sprinters performed seven sprints in overground conditions. A single virtual 40-m sprint was reconstructed and kinetics parameters were calculated for each step using a force platform system and video analyses. Anteroposterior force (FY), power (PY), and the ratio of the horizontal force component to the resultant (total) force (RF, which reflects the orientation of the resultant ground reaction force for each support phase) were computed as a function of velocity (V). FY-V, RF-V, and PY-V relationships were well described by significant linear (mean R(2) of 0.892 ± 0.049 and 0.950 ± 0.023) and quadratic (mean R(2) = 0.732 ± 0.114) models, respectively. The current study allows a better understanding of the mechanics of the sprint acceleration notably by modeling the relationships between the forward velocity and the main mechanical key variables of the sprint. As these findings partly concern world-class sprinters tested in overground conditions, they give new insights into some aspects of the biomechanical limits of human locomotion.
本研究的目的是描述高水平运动员最大跑步冲刺加速的力学特征。四名精英短跑运动员（100米最佳成绩9.95 - 10.29秒）和五名次精英短跑运动员（10.40 - 10.60秒）在地面条件下进行了七次冲刺。利用测力平台系统和视频分析，重建了一次40米虚拟冲刺，并计算了每一步的动力学参数。计算前后力（FY）、功率（PY）以及水平力分量与合力（总力）的比值（RF，它反映了每个支撑阶段合力地面反作用力的方向）作为速度（V）的函数。FY - V、RF - V和PY - V关系分别由显著的线性模型（平均R²为0.892±0.049和0.950±0.023）和二次模型（平均R² = 0.732±0.114）很好地描述。本研究通过对向前速度与冲刺主要力学关键变量之间的关系进行建模，有助于更好地理解冲刺加速的力学原理。由于这些发现部分涉及在地面条件下测试的世界级短跑运动员，它们为人类运动生物力学极限的某些方面提供了新的见解。
