Allen-Scott Lisa K, Buntain Bonnie, Hatfield Jennifer M, Meisser Andrea, Thomas Christopher James
L.K. Allen-Scott is a graduate student, Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. B. Buntain is professor, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. J.M. Hatfield is associate professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, and associate dean of global health and international partnerships, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. A. Meisser is research associate, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Human and Animal Health Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. C.J. Thomas is university pro-vice chancellor for research, professor of zoology, and Center for Integrated Research in the Rural Environment (CIRRE) chair in ecological modeling, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, United Kingdom.
Acad Med. 2015 Jul;90(7):866-71. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000639.
To improve health at the human, animal, and ecosystem interface, defined as One Health, training of researchers must transcend individual disciplines to develop a new process of collaboration. The transdisciplinary research approach integrates frameworks and methodologies beyond academic disciplines and includes involvement of and input from policy makers and members of the community. The authors argue that there should be a significant shift in academic institutions' research capacity to achieve the added value of a transdisciplinary approach for addressing One Health problems. This Perspective is a call to action for academic institutions to provide the foundations for this salient shift. The authors begin by describing the transdisciplinary approach, propose methods for building transdisciplinary research capacity, and highlight three value propositions that support the case. Examples are provided to illustrate how the transdisciplinary approach to research adds value through improved sustainability of impact, increased cost-effectiveness, and enhanced abilities to mitigate potentially harmful unintended consequences. The authors conclude with three key recommendations for academic institutions: (1) a focus on creating enabling environments for One Health and transdisciplinary research, (2) the development of novel funding structures for transdisciplinary research, and (3) training of "transmitters" using real-world-oriented educational programs that break down research silos through collaboration across disciplines.
为改善人类、动物和生态系统界面（即“同一健康”）的健康状况，研究人员的培训必须超越单一学科，以形成一种新的合作流程。跨学科研究方法整合了学术学科之外的框架和方法，包括政策制定者和社区成员的参与及投入。作者认为，学术机构的研究能力应发生重大转变，以实现跨学科方法在解决“同一健康”问题方面的附加价值。本观点文章呼吁学术机构采取行动，为这一显著转变奠定基础。作者首先描述了跨学科方法，提出了建立跨学科研究能力的方法，并强调了支持这一观点的三个价值主张。文中提供了实例，以说明跨学科研究方法如何通过提高影响的可持续性、增强成本效益以及提升减轻潜在有害意外后果的能力来增加价值。作者最后为学术机构提出了三项关键建议：（1）专注于为“同一健康”和跨学科研究创造有利环境；（2）为跨学科研究开发新的资助结构；（3）利用以现实世界为导向的教育项目培训“传播者”，通过跨学科合作打破研究壁垒。
