Huh Jimi, Shiyko Mariya, Keller Stefan, Dunton Genevieve, Schembre Susan M
Institute for Prevention Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Appetite. 2015 Jun;89:145-51. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
Examine the association between perceived stress and hunger continuously over a week in free-living individuals.
Forty five young adults (70% women, 30% overweight/obese) ages 18 to 24 years (Mean = 20.7, SD = 1.5), with BMI between 17.4 and 36.3 kg/m(2) (Mean = 23.6, SD = 4.0) provided between 513 and 577 concurrent ratings of perceived stress and hunger for 7 days via hourly, text messaging assessments and real-time eating records. Time-varying effect modeling was used to explore whether the within-day fluctuations in stress are related to perceived hunger assessed on a momentary basis.
A generally positive stress-hunger relationship was confirmed, but we found that the strength of the relationship was not linear. Rather, the magnitude of the association between perceived stress and hunger changed throughout the day such that only during specific time intervals were stress and hunger significantly related. Specifically, the strength of the positive association peaked during late afternoon hours on weekdays (β = 0.31, p < .05) and it peaked during evening hours on weekend days (β = 0.56, p < .05).
This is the first empirical study to demonstrate potentially maladaptive, nonlinear stress-hunger associations that peak in the afternoon or evening hours. While we are unable to infer causality from these analyses, our findings provide empirical evidence for a potentially high-risk time of day for stress-induced eating. Replication of these findings in larger, more diverse samples will aid with the design and implementation of real-time intervention studies aimed at reducing stress-eating.
在一周时间内持续观察自由生活个体感知压力与饥饿之间的关联。
45名年龄在18至24岁（平均年龄 = 20.7岁，标准差 = 1.5岁）的年轻成年人（70%为女性，30%超重/肥胖），体重指数（BMI）在17.4至36.3 kg/m²之间（平均 = 23.6，标准差 = 4.0），通过每小时短信评估和实时饮食记录，提供了连续7天的感知压力和饥饿的同步评分，评分范围在513至577之间。采用时变效应模型来探究日内压力波动是否与即时评估的感知饥饿有关。
确认了压力与饥饿之间总体呈正相关关系，但我们发现这种关系的强度并非线性。相反，感知压力与饥饿之间关联的大小在一天中会发生变化，以至于只有在特定时间段内压力与饥饿才显著相关。具体而言，正相关强度在工作日下午晚些时候达到峰值（β = 0.31，p < 0.05），在周末晚上达到峰值（β = 0.56，p < 0.05）。
这是第一项实证研究，证明了可能存在适应不良的非线性压力 - 饥饿关联，且在下午或晚上达到峰值。虽然我们无法从这些分析中推断因果关系，但我们的研究结果为压力诱发饮食的潜在高风险时段提供了实证依据。在更大、更多样化的样本中重复这些发现，将有助于设计和实施旨在减少情绪化进食的实时干预研究。
