认知努力：一种神经经济学方法。
Cognitive effort: A neuroeconomic approach.
作者信息
Westbrook Andrew, Braver Todd S
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA,
出版信息
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2015 Jun;15(2):395-415. doi: 10.3758/s13415-015-0334-y.
Cognitive effort has been implicated in numerous theories regarding normal and aberrant behavior and the physiological response to engagement with demanding tasks. Yet, despite broad interest, no unifying, operational definition of cognitive effort itself has been proposed. Here, we argue that the most intuitive and epistemologically valuable treatment is in terms of effort-based decision-making, and advocate a neuroeconomics-focused research strategy. We first outline psychological and neuroscientific theories of cognitive effort. Then we describe the benefits of a neuroeconomic research strategy, highlighting how it affords greater inferential traction than do traditional markers of cognitive effort, including self-reports and physiologic markers of autonomic arousal. Finally, we sketch a future series of studies that can leverage the full potential of the neuroeconomic approach toward understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms that give rise to phenomenal, subjective cognitive effort.
认知努力在众多关于正常和异常行为以及对参与高要求任务的生理反应的理论中都有涉及。然而，尽管人们对此兴趣广泛，但尚未有人提出关于认知努力本身统一的、可操作的定义。在此，我们认为，最直观且在认识论上最有价值的处理方式是基于努力的决策制定，并倡导以神经经济学为重点的研究策略。我们首先概述认知努力的心理学和神经科学理论。然后我们描述神经经济学研究策略的益处，强调它如何比传统的认知努力指标（包括自我报告和自主唤醒的生理指标）提供更大的推理牵引力。最后，我们勾勒出一系列未来研究，这些研究可以充分利用神经经济学方法的潜力，以理解产生显著的、主观认知努力的认知和神经机制。
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