School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Br J Sports Med. 2015 Jul;49(14):935-42. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094228. Epub 2015 Feb 18.
This systematic review was conducted to identify the impact of upper body warm-up on performance and injury prevention outcomes.
Web of Science, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were searched using terms related to upper extremity warm-up. Inclusion criteria were English language randomised controlled trials from peer-reviewed journals in which investigation of upper body warm-up on performance and injury prevention outcomes was a primary aim. Included studies were assessed for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. A wide variety of warm-up modes and outcomes precluded meta-analysis except for one group of studies. The majority of warm-ups were assessed as having 'positive', 'neutral', 'negative' or 'specific' effects on outcomes.
Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria with 21 rated as having 'good' methodological quality. The studies investigated a total of 25 warm-up modes and 43 outcome factors that could be grouped into eight mode and performance outcome categories. No studies of upper body warm-up effects on injury prevention were discovered.
Strong research-based evidence was found for the following: high-load dynamic warm-ups enhance power and strength performance; warm-up swings with a standard weight baseball bat are most effective for enhancing bat speed; short-duration static stretching warm-up has no effect on power outcomes; and passive heating/cooling is a largely ineffective warm-up mode. A clear knowledge gap in upper body warm-up literature is the lack of investigation of injury prevention outcomes.
本系统评价旨在确定上肢热身对运动表现和损伤预防结果的影响。
使用与上肢热身相关的术语，在 Web of Science、MEDLINE、SPORTDiscus、PsycINFO 和 Cochrane 数据库中进行了检索。纳入标准为来自同行评议期刊的英语随机对照试验，其中主要目的是研究上肢热身对运动表现和损伤预防结果的影响。使用 PEDro 量表评估纳入研究的方法学质量。由于热身模式和结果种类繁多，除了一组研究外，其他研究均无法进行荟萃分析。大多数热身被评估为对结果具有“积极”、“中性”、“消极”或“特定”的影响。
31 项研究符合纳入标准，其中 21 项被评为具有“良好”的方法学质量。这些研究共调查了 25 种热身模式和 43 种可能分为 8 种模式和表现结果类别的结果因素。没有发现关于上肢热身对预防损伤影响的研究。
本研究发现了以下具有较强循证依据的结论：高负荷动力热身可提高力量和强度表现；使用标准重量棒球棒进行热身挥棒最能提高棒速；短时间的静态伸展热身对力量结果没有影响；被动加热/冷却热身模式效果不佳。上肢热身文献中存在明显的知识空白，即缺乏对预防损伤结果的研究。
