Mohr Christine, Claridge Gordon
Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Schizophr Bull. 2015 Mar;41 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S436-43. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu185.
A long-standing tradition in personality research in psychology, and nowadays increasingly in psychiatry, is that psychotic and psychotic-like thoughts are considered common experiences in the general population. Given their widespread occurrence, such experiences cannot merely reflect pathological functioning. Moreover, reflecting the multi-dimensionality of schizotypy, some dimensions might be informative for healthy functioning while others less so. Here, we explored these possibilities by reviewing research that links schizotypy to favorable functioning such as subjective wellbeing, cognitive functioning (major focus on creativity), and personality correlates. This research highlights the existence of healthy people with psychotic-like traits who mainly experience positive schizotypy (but also affective features mapping onto bipolar disorder). These individuals seem to benefit from a healthy way to organize their thoughts and experiences, that is, they employ an adaptive cognitive framework to explain and integrate their unusual experiences. We conclude that, instead of focusing only on the pathological, future studies should explore the behavioral, genetic, imaging, and psychopharmacological correlates that define the healthy expression of psychotic-like traits. Such studies would inform on protective or compensatory mechanisms of psychosis-risk and could usefully inform us on the evolutionary advantages of the psychosis dimension.
在心理学的人格研究中，长期以来一直存在这样一种传统，如今在精神病学领域这种传统也日益凸显，即精神病性和类精神病性思维被视为普通人群中的常见体验。鉴于它们广泛存在，此类体验不能仅仅反映病理功能。此外，鉴于精神分裂症型人格特质的多维度性，某些维度可能对健康功能具有参考价值，而其他维度的参考价值则较小。在此，我们通过回顾将精神分裂症型人格特质与诸如主观幸福感、认知功能（主要关注创造力）以及人格相关性等良好功能联系起来的研究，来探索这些可能性。这项研究凸显了存在具有类精神病性特质的健康人群，他们主要体验到积极的精神分裂症型人格特质（但也有与双相情感障碍相关的情感特征）。这些个体似乎受益于一种健康的方式来组织他们的思维和体验，也就是说，他们采用一种适应性认知框架来解释和整合他们不寻常的体验。我们得出结论，未来的研究不应仅关注病理学方面，而应探索界定类精神病性特质健康表现的行为、遗传、影像学和精神药理学相关性。此类研究将为精神病风险的保护或补偿机制提供信息，并能有效地让我们了解精神病维度的进化优势。
