Watkins David W, de Moraes Márcia M G Alcoforado, Asbjornsen Heidi, Mayer Alex S, Licata Julian, Lopez Jose Gutierrez, Pypker Thomas G, Molina Vivianna Gamez, Marques Guilherme Fernandes, Carneiro Ana Cristina Guimaraes, Nuñez Hector M, Önal Hayri, da Nobrega Germano Bruna
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Department of Economics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Environ Manage. 2015 Dec;56(6):1295-314. doi: 10.1007/s00267-015-0460-x. Epub 2015 Mar 27.
Large-scale bioenergy production will affect the hydrologic cycle in multiple ways, including changes in canopy interception, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and the quantity and quality of surface runoff and groundwater recharge. As such, the water footprints of bioenergy sources vary significantly by type of feedstock, soil characteristics, cultivation practices, and hydro-climatic regime. Furthermore, water management implications of bioenergy production depend on existing land use, relative water availability, and competing water uses at a watershed scale. This paper reviews previous research on the water resource impacts of bioenergy production-from plot-scale hydrologic and nutrient cycling impacts to watershed and regional scale hydro-economic systems relationships. Primary gaps in knowledge that hinder policy development for integrated management of water-bioenergy systems are highlighted. Four case studies in the Americas are analyzed to illustrate relevant spatial and temporal scales for impact assessment, along with unique aspects of biofuel production compared to other agroforestry systems, such as energy-related conflicts and tradeoffs. Based on the case studies, the potential benefits of integrated resource management are assessed, as is the need for further case-specific research.
大规模生物能源生产将以多种方式影响水文循环，包括冠层截留、蒸散、入渗以及地表径流和地下水补给的数量与质量的变化。因此，生物能源来源的水足迹因原料类型、土壤特性、种植方式和水文气候状况的不同而有显著差异。此外，生物能源生产对水资源管理的影响取决于现有的土地利用情况、相对水资源可利用量以及流域尺度上相互竞争的用水情况。本文回顾了以往关于生物能源生产对水资源影响的研究——从地块尺度的水文和养分循环影响到流域及区域尺度的水文经济系统关系。文中强调了阻碍水 - 生物能源系统综合管理政策制定的主要知识空白。分析了美洲的四个案例研究，以说明影响评估的相关时空尺度，以及与其他农林业系统相比生物燃料生产的独特方面，如与能源相关的冲突和权衡。基于这些案例研究，评估了综合资源管理的潜在益处以及进一步开展针对具体案例研究的必要性。
