Rossato S L, Olinto M T A, Henn R L, Moreira L B, Camey S A, Anjos L A, Wahrlich V, Waissmann W, Fuchs F D, Fuchs S C
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015 Sep;69(9):1015-22. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.22. Epub 2015 Apr 1.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Because studies have evidenced variations in nutrient intake, further investigation of the interaction between demographic characteristics and the seasons is necessary. We aimed to test the differences in food intake throughout the seasons and the interaction between the seasons and sex and age.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 273 individuals. Food intake was evaluated with 24-hour dietary recalls, and the reported food items were sorted into food groups. We performed the test on the differences in intake of food groups throughout the seasons with repeated measures and on the interaction effect by using the Generalized Estimate Equation.
Intake of fruits and natural fruit juices and sweetened beverages was lower, whereas that of grains and derivatives was higher in the winter. The intake of leafy vegetables and fish and seafood was lower in the autumn. The consumption of coffee and eggs was higher in the spring. Intake of chocolate powder and sugar, salt and lean poultry was higher in the winter. The variation in consumption of grains and derivatives, eggs, fatty poultry and processed meat over the seasons was more likely to be modified by sex. Age interacted with the seasons for leafy vegetables, beans and lentils, lean beef, lean poultry, low fat milk and light yogurt, vegetable oil and unsalted margarine, chocolate powder and sugar and processed meat.
This study shows that food intake may change seasonally and that seasonal variation depends on sex and age, which might aggregate a specific co-variation component.
背景/目的：由于研究已证明营养摄入量存在差异，因此有必要进一步研究人口统计学特征与季节之间的相互作用。我们旨在测试不同季节的食物摄入量差异以及季节与性别和年龄之间的相互作用。
对象/方法：本研究纳入了273名个体。通过24小时饮食回顾评估食物摄入量，并将报告的食物项目分类为食物组。我们使用重复测量对不同季节食物组摄入量的差异进行测试，并使用广义估计方程对交互作用进行测试。
冬季水果、天然果汁和甜味饮料的摄入量较低，而谷物及其制品的摄入量较高。秋季叶菜类蔬菜、鱼类和海鲜的摄入量较低。春季咖啡和鸡蛋的消费量较高。冬季巧克力粉、糖、盐和瘦禽肉的摄入量较高。谷物及其制品、鸡蛋、肥禽肉和加工肉类的消费量在不同季节的变化更可能受到性别的影响。年龄与季节在叶菜类蔬菜、豆类和小扁豆、瘦牛肉、瘦禽肉、低脂牛奶和淡酸奶、植物油和无盐人造黄油、巧克力粉和糖以及加工肉类方面存在交互作用。
本研究表明食物摄入量可能随季节变化，且季节变化取决于性别和年龄，这可能汇总为一个特定的协变成分。
