Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil.
Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
Nutrients. 2023 Sep 16;15(18):4019. doi: 10.3390/nu15184019.
Human food intake and its timing are a complex behavior that can be influenced by a variety of factors, some of which may vary from season to season or from region to region. In this study, our aim was to investigate the seasonal variation in food intake times, with a particular focus on how these may vary across different regions of a country. We conducted an analysis of data from 20,622 adults from the National Household Budget Survey (POF-IBGE), encompassing complete food diaries collected from individuals residing in Brazil, and thereby ensuring representation across different latitudes. Each participant's daily food intake was reported for two non-consecutive days at different times in the same week using food diaries. An ANOVA revealed a later food intake time in the evening in high-latitude regions compared to low-latitude regions. The Sidak post-hoc test showed a significant interaction effect between region and season, demonstrating a pattern of early First Intake Time and Eating Midpoint in the Northeast region during spring/summer. Additionally, we observed an independent effect of the region, as early food intake times were found in low-latitude regions. These findings offer a basis for discussing food intake times among individuals living in different regions located on distinct latitudes.
人类的食物摄入和时间选择是一种复杂的行为，可能受到多种因素的影响，其中一些因素可能会随季节或地区的不同而变化。在这项研究中，我们的目的是调查食物摄入时间的季节性变化，特别关注这些变化在一个国家的不同地区可能如何变化。我们对来自国家家庭预算调查（POF-IBGE）的 20622 名成年人的数据进行了分析，这些数据包括来自巴西不同地区的个人完整的食物日记，从而确保了不同纬度的代表性。每个参与者的每日食物摄入量都通过食物日记在一周的不同时间报告了两天，并且这两天是非连续的。方差分析显示，高纬度地区的食物摄入时间比低纬度地区晚。Sidak 事后检验显示了地区和季节之间存在显著的交互作用效应，表明在东北部地区，春季/夏季的首次进食时间和进食中点较早。此外，我们还观察到地区的独立效应，因为在低纬度地区发现了较早的食物摄入时间。这些发现为讨论生活在不同纬度的不同地区的个体的食物摄入时间提供了基础。
