Li Yan, Dong Haiqing, Li Yongyong, Shi Donglu
Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science (iNANO), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science (iNANO), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; The Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2015 Mar 27;10:2451-9. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S68600. eCollection 2015.
Graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) have been widely explored as promising drug delivery vehicles for improved cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on their applications in photodynamic therapy. The large specific surface area of GO facilitates efficient loading of the photosensitizers and biological molecules via various surface functional groups. By incorporation of targeting ligands or activatable agents responsive to specific biological stimulations, smart nanovehicles are established, enabling tumor-triggering release or tumor-selective accumulation of photosensitizer for effective therapy with minimum side effects. Graphene-based nanosystems have been shown to improve the stability, bioavailability, and photodynamic efficiency of organic photosensitizer molecules. They have also been shown to behave as electron sinks for enhanced visible-light photodynamic activities. Owing to its intrinsic near infrared absorption properties, GO can be designed to combine both photodynamic and photothermal hyperthermia for optimum therapeutic efficiency. Critical issues and future aspects of photodynamic therapy research are addressed in this review.
石墨烯及其衍生物，如氧化石墨烯（GO），已被广泛研究作为有望改善癌症治疗的药物递送载体。在本综述中，我们重点关注它们在光动力疗法中的应用。GO的大比表面积通过各种表面官能团促进了光敏剂和生物分子的有效负载。通过掺入对特定生物刺激有响应的靶向配体或可激活剂，建立了智能纳米载体，能够实现肿瘤触发释放或光敏剂的肿瘤选择性积累，从而以最小的副作用进行有效治疗。基于石墨烯的纳米系统已被证明可以提高有机光敏剂分子的稳定性、生物利用度和光动力效率。它们还被证明可作为电子受体增强可见光光动力活性。由于其固有的近红外吸收特性，GO可被设计为结合光动力和光热热疗以实现最佳治疗效果。本综述讨论了光动力疗法研究的关键问题和未来方向。
