Grosenick Logan, Marshel James H, Deisseroth Karl
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
Neuron. 2015 Apr 8;86(1):106-39. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.034.
Advances in optical manipulation and observation of neural activity have set the stage for widespread implementation of closed-loop and activity-guided optical control of neural circuit dynamics. Closing the loop optogenetically (i.e., basing optogenetic stimulation on simultaneously observed dynamics in a principled way) is a powerful strategy for causal investigation of neural circuitry. In particular, observing and feeding back the effects of circuit interventions on physiologically relevant timescales is valuable for directly testing whether inferred models of dynamics, connectivity, and causation are accurate in vivo. Here we highlight technical and theoretical foundations as well as recent advances and opportunities in this area, and we review in detail the known caveats and limitations of optogenetic experimentation in the context of addressing these challenges with closed-loop optogenetic control in behaving animals.
光学操纵和神经活动观测技术的进步为神经回路动力学的闭环和活动引导光学控制的广泛应用奠定了基础。通过光遗传学实现闭环（即基于同时观测到的动力学以一种有原则的方式进行光遗传学刺激）是对神经回路进行因果研究的有力策略。特别是，在生理相关的时间尺度上观测并反馈电路干预的效果，对于直接测试动力学、连接性和因果关系的推断模型在体内是否准确非常有价值。在这里，我们重点介绍该领域的技术和理论基础以及近期的进展和机遇，并且在行为动物中通过闭环光遗传学控制来应对这些挑战的背景下，详细回顾光遗传学实验已知的注意事项和局限性。
