Ngan Luong Thi My, Jang Myeong Jin, Kwon Min Jung, Ahn Young Joon
Department of Plant Biotechnology and Biotransformation, Faculty of Biology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 10;10(4):e0121629. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121629. eCollection 2015.
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are responsible for more than half of all cases of the common cold and cost billions of USD annually in medical visits and missed school and work. An assessment was made of the antiviral activities and mechanisms of action of paeonol (PA) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) from Paeonia lactiflora root toward HRV-2 and HRV-4 in MRC5 cells using a tetrazolium method and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were compared with those of a reference control ribavirin. Based on 50% inhibitory concentration values, PGG was 13.4 and 18.0 times more active toward HRV-2 (17.89 μM) and HRV-4 (17.33 μM) in MRC5 cells, respectively, than ribavirin. The constituents had relatively high selective index values (3.3->8.5). The 100 μg/mL PA and 20 μg/mL PGG did not interact with the HRV-4 particles. These constituents inhibited HRV-4 infection only when they were added during the virus inoculation (0 h), the adsorption period of HRVs, but not after 1 h or later. Moreover, the RNA replication levels of HRVs were remarkably reduced in the MRC5 cultures treated with these constituents. These findings suggest that PGG and PA may block or reduce the entry of the viruses into the cells to protect the cells from the virus destruction and abate virus replication, which may play an important role in interfering with expressions of rhinovirus receptors (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor, interferon beta, and IL-1β), and Toll-like receptor, which resulted in diminishing symptoms induced by HRV. Global efforts to reduce the level of synthetic drugs justify further studies on P. lactiflora root-derived materials as potential anti-HRV products or lead molecules for the prevention or treatment of HRV.
人鼻病毒（HRV）导致了超过一半的普通感冒病例，每年因就医以及缺课和旷工造成的损失达数十亿美元。采用四唑盐法、实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应和酶联免疫吸附测定法，对芍药根中的丹皮酚（PA）和1,2,3,4,6-五-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（PGG）针对MRC5细胞中HRV-2和HRV-4的抗病毒活性及作用机制进行了评估。将结果与参考对照利巴韦林的结果进行比较。基于50%抑制浓度值，PGG对MRC5细胞中HRV-2（17.89 μM）和HRV-4（17.33 μM）的活性分别比利巴韦林高13.4倍和18.0倍。这些成分具有相对较高的选择性指数值（3.3->8.5）。100 μg/mL的PA和20 μg/mL的PGG不与HRV-4颗粒相互作用。这些成分仅在病毒接种（0小时）即HRV的吸附期添加时才抑制HRV-4感染，而在1小时或之后添加则无此作用。此外，在用这些成分处理的MRC5培养物中，HRV的RNA复制水平显著降低。这些发现表明，PGG和PA可能会阻止或减少病毒进入细胞，以保护细胞免受病毒破坏并减轻病毒复制，这可能在干扰鼻病毒受体（细胞间黏附分子-1和低密度脂蛋白受体）、炎性细胞因子（白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子、干扰素β和IL-1β）以及Toll样受体的表达中发挥重要作用，从而减轻HRV诱导的症状。全球为降低合成药物使用水平所做的努力使得有必要进一步研究芍药根衍生材料作为潜在的抗HRV产品或预防或治疗HRV的先导分子。
