School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS United Kingdom.
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD United Kingdom.
BMC Psychol. 2015 Apr 2;3(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40359-015-0067-2. eCollection 2015.
Decisions made on behalf of other people are sometimes more rational than those made for oneself. In this study we used a monetary gambling task to ask if the framing effect in decision-making is reduced in surrogate decision-making.
Participants made a series of choices between a predetermined sure option and a risky gambling option of winning a proportion of an initial stake. Trials were presented as either a gain or a loss relative to that initial stake. In half of the trials participants made choices to earn money for themselves and in the other half they earned money for another participant. Framing effects were measured as risk seeking in loss frames and risk aversion in gain frames.
Significant framing effects were observed both in trials in which participants earned money for themselves and those in which they earned money for another person; however, these framing effects were significantly reduced when making decisions for another person. It appears that the reduced emotional involvement when the decision-maker is not affected by the outcome of the decision thus lessens the framing effect without eradicating it altogether.
This suggests that the deviation from rational choices in decision-making can be significantly reduced when the emotional impact on the decision maker is lessened. These results are discussed in relation to Somatic Distortion Theory.
代表他人做出的决策有时比为自己做出的决策更理性。在这项研究中，我们使用金钱赌博任务来询问在代理决策中是否会减少决策中的框架效应。
参与者在预定的确定选项和有一定风险的赌博选项之间进行一系列选择，以赢得初始赌注的一部分。试验以相对于初始赌注的赢或输呈现。在一半的试验中，参与者为自己做出选择，而在另一半试验中，他们为另一个参与者赚钱。通过在损失框架中寻求风险和在收益框架中规避风险来衡量框架效应。
在参与者为自己赚钱的试验和为他人赚钱的试验中都观察到了显著的框架效应；然而，当为他人做出决策时，这些框架效应显著降低。这表明，当决策者不受决策结果影响时，情感投入减少，从而减轻了框架效应，但并未完全消除它。
这表明，当决策者的情感影响减轻时，决策中的非理性选择偏差可以显著减少。这些结果与躯体歪曲理论有关。
