Ross Lesley A, Edwards Jerri D, O'Connor Melissa L, Ball Karlene K, Wadley Virginia G, Vance David E
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2016 Jan;71(1):87-97. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbv022. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
Multilevel models assessed the effects of cognitive speed of processing training (SPT) on older adults' self-reported driving using intention-to-treat (ITT, randomization to training or control conditions) and dosage (treatment-received via number of training sessions) analyses across 5 years.
Participants randomized to SPT (n = 598) were compared with those randomized to either the no-contact control (n = 598) or memory training, which served as an active control (n = 610). Driving mobility (frequency, exposure, and space) was assessed over time.
No significant effects were found within the ITT analyses. However, number of SPT sessions did affect driving mobility outcomes. In the full sample (N = 1,806), higher SPT doses were associated with maintained driving frequency as compared with both control groups, but no effects were found for driving exposure or space. Subsample analyses (n = 315) revealed that persons at-risk for mobility declines (i.e., poor initial processing speed) who received additional booster SPT sessions reported greater maintenance of both driving frequency and exposure over time as compared with the no-contact and active control groups.
These results and prior research indicate that cognitive SPT transfers to prolonged driving mobility among older adults. Future research should investigate the mechanisms behind transfer effects to real-world activities, such as driving.
多级模型通过意向性分析（ITT，随机分配至训练或对照条件）和剂量分析（通过训练课程数量衡量接受的治疗），评估了认知加工速度训练（SPT）对老年人自我报告的驾驶能力在5年中的影响。
将随机分配至SPT组（n = 598）的参与者与随机分配至无接触对照组（n = 598）或作为积极对照的记忆训练组（n = 610）的参与者进行比较。对驾驶机动性（频率、暴露程度和空间）进行长期评估。
在ITT分析中未发现显著影响。然而，SPT课程的数量确实影响了驾驶机动性结果。在全样本（N = 1,806）中，与两个对照组相比，更高剂量的SPT与维持驾驶频率相关，但在驾驶暴露程度或空间方面未发现影响。子样本分析（n = 315）显示，与无接触对照组和积极对照组相比，接受额外强化SPT课程的有行动能力下降风险的人（即初始加工速度较差）报告随着时间推移驾驶频率和暴露程度得到了更好的维持。
这些结果和先前的研究表明，认知SPT可转化为老年人更长时间的驾驶机动性。未来的研究应调查向诸如驾驶等现实世界活动的转化效应背后的机制。
