Ross Lesley A, Sprague Briana N, Phillips Christine B, O'Connor Melissa L, Dodson Joan E
1 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
2 North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA.
J Aging Health. 2018 Mar;30(3):475-498. doi: 10.1177/0898264316682916. Epub 2016 Dec 20.
Physical functioning is closely associated with cognition. The current study assessed the impact of three cognitive training programs on objective measures of physical functioning across 5 years.
Older adults randomized to a processing speed ( n = 702), reasoning ( n = 694), or memory ( n = 703) training intervention were compared with those randomized to a no-contact control condition ( n = 698). Intention-to-treat (ITT) and treatment-received/dosage (time-varying number of training sessions) analyses were conducted.
There were no transfer effects in the ITT analyses. Treatment-received models demonstrated that training sessions (i.e., higher dosage) across all intervention arms transferred to better maintained Digit Symbol Copy and Turn 360 performance relative to the control group. More reasoning training transferred to better grip strength.
This is the first study to demonstrate differential longitudinal cognitive training transfer effects to three performance-based physical functioning measures. Future research should investigate mechanisms of far-transfer effects.
身体功能与认知密切相关。本研究评估了三种认知训练项目在5年时间里对身体功能客观指标的影响。
将随机分配至处理速度训练组（n = 702）、推理训练组（n = 694）或记忆训练组（n = 703）的老年人与随机分配至无接触对照组（n = 698）的老年人进行比较。进行了意向性分析（ITT）和接受治疗/剂量分析（随时间变化的训练课程数量）。
ITT分析中未发现迁移效应。接受治疗模型表明，相对于对照组，所有干预组的训练课程（即更高剂量）都能使数字符号复制和360度转身表现得到更好的维持。更多的推理训练能使握力得到更好的改善。
这是第一项证明不同的纵向认知训练对三种基于表现的身体功能测量指标有不同迁移效应的研究。未来的研究应调查远迁移效应的机制。
