Javed Fawad, Al-Kheraif Abdulaziz A, Salazar-Lazo Karem, Yanez-Fontenla Virginia, Aldosary Khalid M, Alshehri Mohammed, Malmstrom Hans, Romanos Georgios E
Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Periodontol. 2015 Jul;86(7):839-46. doi: 10.1902/jop.2015.150120. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
There is a dearth of studies regarding the influence of cigarette smoking on periodontal inflammatory conditions among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study is to assess periodontal inflammatory conditions among smokers and never-smokers with and without T2DM.
One hundred individuals (50 patients with T2DM [25 smokers and 25 never-smokers] and 50 controls [25 smokers and 25 never-smokers]) were included. Information regarding age, sex, duration and daily frequency of smoking, duration and treatment of diabetes, and oral hygiene was recorded using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [AL], and marginal bone loss [MBL]) were measured. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were also recorded.
Mean age, monthly income status, and education levels were comparable among smokers and never-smokers with and without T2DM. Mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher among patients with T2DM (8.2% ± 0.1%) compared with controls (4.4% ± 0.3%) (P <0.05). Smokers in the control group were smoking significantly greater numbers of cigarettes (15.5 ± 2.5 cigarettes daily) compared with smokers with T2DM (6.2 ± 2.1 cigarettes daily) (P <0.05). Periodontal parameters were comparable among smokers and never-smokers with T2DM. Among controls, periodontal parameters (PI [P <0.05], AL [P <0.05], PD ≥4 mm [P <0.05], and MBL [P <0.05]) were significantly higher in smokers than never-smokers. Never-smokers with T2DM had worse periodontal status than smokers and never-smokers in the control group (P <0.05).
Periodontal inflammatory conditions are comparable among smokers and never-smokers with T2DM. Among controls, periodontal inflammation is worse among smokers than never-smokers.
关于吸烟对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者牙周炎状况的影响，相关研究较少。本研究旨在评估患和未患T2DM的吸烟者与非吸烟者的牙周炎状况。
纳入100名个体（50例T2DM患者[25名吸烟者和25名非吸烟者]和50名对照者[25名吸烟者和25名非吸烟者]）。使用问卷记录有关年龄、性别、吸烟持续时间和每日吸烟频率、糖尿病病程和治疗情况以及口腔卫生的信息。测量牙周参数（菌斑指数[PI]、探诊出血[BOP]、探诊深度[PD]、临床附着丧失[AL]和边缘骨丧失[MBL]）。还记录糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平。
患和未患T2DM的吸烟者与非吸烟者的平均年龄、月收入状况和教育水平相当。与对照组（4.4%±0.3%）相比，T2DM患者的平均HbA1c水平显著更高（8.2%±0.1%）（P<0.05）。对照组中的吸烟者每日吸烟量（15.5±2.5支）显著多于患T2DM的吸烟者（6.2±2.1支）（P<0.05）。患T2DM的吸烟者与非吸烟者的牙周参数相当。在对照组中，吸烟者的牙周参数（PI[P<0.05]、AL[P<0.05]、PD≥4mm[P<0.05]和MBL[P<0.05]）显著高于非吸烟者。患T2DM的非吸烟者牙周状况比对照组中的吸烟者和非吸烟者更差（P<0.05）。
患T2DM的吸烟者与非吸烟者的牙周炎状况相当。在对照组中，吸烟者的牙周炎症比非吸烟者更严重。
