Pennerman Kayla K, Yin Guohua, Bennett Joan Wennstrom
Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Mycobiology. 2015 Mar;43(1):9-13. doi: 10.5941/MYCO.2015.43.1.9. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
Medicinal fungi, taken whole or as various forms of extracts, have been used to alleviate, cure or prevent human ailments since pre-historic times. In particular, Asian cultures have incorporated a variety of mushrooms into their medical practices. Chemically pure, bioactive metabolites from fungi have been a mainstay of modern pharmacological research and in addition to antibiotics, include anticancer agents, immunosuppressants, enzyme inhibitors, antagonist and agonists of hormones, and a variety of psychotropic substances. However, to date not many studies have focused on the possible health benefits of odorant volatile organic compounds (i.e., gas phase compounds). An analysis of these compounds for their health related effects will expand the range of compounds available for the treatment of chronic and acute diseases. This review highlights phenolic acids and monoterpenes from Asian medicinal mushrooms (AMMs), which not only produce pleasant odors but also have antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Odorant bioactive volatile phase compounds from medicinal mushrooms remain an essentially untapped source for future medicines, and AMMs remain a promising resource for future pharmacological research.
自史前时代起，药用真菌无论是完整使用还是制成各种提取物，都被用于缓解、治疗或预防人类疾病。特别是亚洲文化已将多种蘑菇纳入其医疗实践中。真菌中化学纯的生物活性代谢产物一直是现代药理学研究的支柱，除抗生素外，还包括抗癌剂、免疫抑制剂、酶抑制剂、激素拮抗剂和激动剂以及多种精神活性物质。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究关注气味挥发性有机化合物（即气相化合物）可能对健康带来的益处。分析这些化合物对健康的相关影响将扩大可用于治疗慢性和急性疾病的化合物范围。本综述重点介绍了亚洲药用蘑菇中的酚酸和单萜，它们不仅能产生宜人的气味，还具有抗氧化和抗菌作用。药用蘑菇中具有气味的生物活性挥发性化合物仍是未来药物的一个基本未开发来源，亚洲药用蘑菇仍是未来药理学研究的一个有前景的资源。
