Kowalkowska Joanna, Wadolowska Lidia, Weronika Wuenstel Justyna, Słowińska Małgorzata Anna, Niedźwiedzka Ewa
Dept. of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Poland.
Iran J Public Health. 2014 Jul;43(7):913-25.
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between overweight prevalence and socioeconomic status (SES) measured by complex SES index and single SES factors in Polish adolescents in respect to age and sex.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010-2011. A total of 1,176 adolescents aged 13.0-18.9 years were included. The respondents were students of junior-high and high schools from northern, eastern and central Poland. Quota sampling by sex and age was used. The SES was determined by: place of residence, self-declared economic situation, and parental education level. Respondents with low, average or high SES index (SESI) were identified. The level of overweight was assessed using Polish and international standards.
The odds ratio (OR) for overweight prevalence in the oldest girls (aged 17.0-18.9 years) with high SESI was 0.34 (95%CI:0.13-0.92; P < 0.05) by Polish standards and 0.22 (95%CI:0.05-0.95; P < 0.05) by international standards, in comparison to the reference group (low SESI). In total girls who had mothers with higher education level, the OR adjusted for age was 0.44 (95%CI:0.21-0.90; P <0.05) by Polish standards and 0.35 (95%CI:0.15-0.81; P < 0.05) by international standards, in comparison to the reference group (maternal elementary education). The other single SES factors were not significant for overweight prevalence.
The relationship between socioeconomic status and prevalence of overweight was related to sex and age. The high socioeconomic status strongly lowered the risk of overweight prevalence in the oldest girls, but not in boys, irrespective of age. Maternal education level lowered risk of overweight prevalence in girls.
本研究旨在分析波兰青少年中超重患病率与通过综合社会经济地位（SES）指数及单一SES因素衡量的社会经济地位之间在年龄和性别方面的关联。
这项横断面研究于2010 - 2011年进行。共纳入1176名年龄在13.0 - 18.9岁的青少年。受访者为来自波兰北部、东部和中部的初中和高中学生。采用按性别和年龄的配额抽样。SES由以下因素确定：居住地、自我申报的经济状况和父母教育水平。确定了SES指数（SESI）低、中或高的受访者。使用波兰和国际标准评估超重水平。
与参照组（低SESI）相比，按照波兰标准，年龄最大的女孩（17.0 - 18.9岁）中高SESI者超重患病率的优势比（OR）为0.34（95%CI：0.13 - 0.92；P < 0.05），按照国际标准为0.22（95%CI：0.05 - 0.95；P < 0.05）。在母亲受教育程度较高的所有女孩中，与参照组（母亲为小学教育）相比，按年龄调整后的OR按照波兰标准为0.44（95%CI：0.21 - 0.90；P < 0.05），按照国际标准为0.35（95%CI：0.15 - 0.81；P < 0.05）。其他单一SES因素对超重患病率无显著影响。
社会经济地位与超重患病率之间的关系与性别和年龄有关。高社会经济地位显著降低了年龄最大女孩中超重患病率的风险，但与年龄无关的男孩中并非如此。母亲的教育水平降低了女孩中超重患病率的风险。
