Giezen Marcel R, Blumenfeld Henrike K, Shook Anthony, Marian Viorica, Emmorey Karen
San Diego State University, 5250 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
School of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1518, USA.
Cognition. 2015 Aug;141:9-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2015.04.009. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
Findings from recent studies suggest that spoken-language bilinguals engage nonlinguistic inhibitory control mechanisms to resolve cross-linguistic competition during auditory word recognition. Bilingual advantages in inhibitory control might stem from the need to resolve perceptual competition between similar-sounding words both within and between their two languages. If so, these advantages should be lessened or eliminated when there is no perceptual competition between two languages. The present study investigated the extent of inhibitory control recruitment during bilingual language comprehension by examining associations between language co-activation and nonlinguistic inhibitory control abilities in bimodal bilinguals, whose two languages do not perceptually compete. Cross-linguistic distractor activation was identified in the visual world paradigm, and correlated significantly with performance on a nonlinguistic spatial Stroop task within a group of 27 hearing ASL-English bilinguals. Smaller Stroop effects (indexing more efficient inhibition) were associated with reduced co-activation of ASL signs during the early stages of auditory word recognition. These results suggest that inhibitory control in auditory word recognition is not limited to resolving perceptual linguistic competition in phonological input, but is also used to moderate competition that originates at the lexico-semantic level.
近期研究结果表明,会说两种语言的人在听觉单词识别过程中会运用非语言抑制控制机制来解决跨语言竞争问题。抑制控制方面的双语优势可能源于需要解决两种语言内部以及两种语言之间发音相似的单词之间的感知竞争。如果是这样,当两种语言之间不存在感知竞争时,这些优势应该会减弱或消除。本研究通过考察双模式双语者(其两种语言不存在感知竞争)的语言共同激活与非语言抑制控制能力之间的关联,探究了双语语言理解过程中抑制控制的参与程度。在视觉世界范式中识别出跨语言干扰激活,并在一组27名听力正常的美国手语 - 英语双语者中,该激活与非语言空间斯特鲁普任务的表现显著相关。较小的斯特鲁普效应(表明抑制更有效)与听觉单词识别早期阶段美国手语手势的共同激活减少有关。这些结果表明,听觉单词识别中的抑制控制不仅限于解决语音输入中的感知语言竞争,还用于调节源自词汇语义层面的竞争。