Kufoy E A, Pakalnis V A, Parks C D, Wells A, Yang C H, Fox A
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia.
Exp Eye Res. 1989 Nov;49(5):861-71. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4835(89)80045-4.
The systemic administration of an anesthetic dosage of a combination of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride produced an acute exposure keratopathy which progressed into a syndrome resembling keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Within a few minutes corneal changes occurred that were characterized by viscous mucus, loss of corneal luster and dryness. Other acute but transient changes included development of cataracts, mydriasis and proptosis. Progressive changes were observed in the cornea within 4 days which lasted at least 8 weeks in some cases, and included punctate epithelial keratopathy progressing to devitalized or keratinized epithelial plaques. Polymorphonuclear cell infiltration of the corneal stroma associated with plaques occurred. Epithelial denudation and neovascularization of the cornea, dilation and engorgement of iridial blood vessels, as well as flare in the anterior chamber were also seen. The ocular lesions induced by xylazine/ketamine should be considered carefully when designing or interpreting research on the anterior segment. Ketamine hydrochloride with sodium pentobarbital produced excellent anesthesia without any significant ocular side-effects and may be preferred in many instances.
将麻醉剂量的赛拉嗪和盐酸氯胺酮进行全身给药会引发急性暴露性角膜病变，进而发展成一种类似干燥性角结膜炎的综合征。几分钟内就会出现角膜变化，其特征为出现黏性黏液、角膜光泽丧失和干燥。其他急性但短暂的变化包括白内障形成、瞳孔散大及眼球突出。在4天内可观察到角膜的进行性变化，有些病例至少持续8周，包括点状上皮性角膜病变发展为失活或角化的上皮斑块。出现了与斑块相关的角膜基质多形核细胞浸润。还可见角膜上皮剥脱和新生血管形成、虹膜血管扩张和充血以及前房内出现闪光。在设计或解释眼前节研究时，应仔细考虑赛拉嗪/氯胺酮引起的眼部病变。盐酸氯胺酮与戊巴比妥钠联合使用可产生良好的麻醉效果，且无任何明显的眼部副作用，在许多情况下可能更受青睐。
