从实施国家护理人员研究中汲取的经验教训。
Research lessons from implementing a national nursing workforce study.
机构信息
Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Medical Sociology, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
出版信息
Int Nurs Rev. 2015 Sep;62(3):412-20. doi: 10.1111/inr.12191. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
BACKGROUND
National nursing workforce studies are important for evidence-based policymaking to improve nursing human resources globally. Survey instrument translation and contextual adaptation along with level of experience of the research team are key factors that will influence study implementation and results in countries new to health workforce studies.
AIM
This study's aim was to describe the pre-data collection instrument adaptation challenges when designing the first national nursing workforce study in Poland while participating in the Nurse Forecasting: Human Resources Planning in Nursing project.
METHODS
A descriptive analysis of the pre-data collection phase of the study. Instrument adaptation was conducted through a two-phase content validity indexing process and pilot testing from 2009 to September 2010 in preparation for primary study implementation in December 2010. Means of both content validation phases were compared with pilot study results to assess for significant patterns in the data.
RESULTS
The initial review demonstrated that the instrument had poor level of cross-cultural relevance and multiple translation issues. After revising the translation and re-evaluating using the same process, instrument scores improved significantly. Pilot study results showed floor and ceiling effects on relevance score correlations in each phase of the study.
LIMITATIONS
The cross-cultural adaptation process was developed specifically for this study and is, therefore, new. It may require additional replication to further enhance the method.
CONCLUSIONS
The approach used by the Polish team helped identify potential problems early in the study. The critical step improved the rigour of the results and improved comparability for between countries analyses, conserving both money and resources. This approach is advised for cross-cultural adaptation of instruments to be used in national nursing workforce studies.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY
Countries seeking to conduct national nursing workforce surveys to improve nursing human resources policies may find the insights provided by this paper useful to guide national level nursing workforce study implementation.
背景
国家护理劳动力研究对于基于证据的政策制定以改善全球护理人力资源非常重要。调查工具的翻译和上下文调整以及研究团队的经验水平是影响研究在新开展卫生人力研究的国家实施和结果的关键因素。
目的
本研究旨在描述波兰首次开展国家护理劳动力研究时在设计阶段面临的预数据收集工具适应挑战，同时参与护士预测：护理人力资源规划项目。
方法
对研究的预数据收集阶段进行描述性分析。工具适应通过内容有效性索引过程的两阶段和试点测试进行，时间为 2009 年至 2010 年 9 月，以便为 2010 年 12 月的主要研究实施做准备。两个内容有效性阶段的平均值与试点研究结果进行比较，以评估数据中的显著模式。
结果
初步审查表明，该工具的跨文化相关性较差，并且存在多个翻译问题。在修改翻译并使用相同的过程重新评估后，工具得分显著提高。试点研究结果显示，在研究的每个阶段，相关性得分的相关效应和天花板效应都很明显。
局限性
跨文化适应过程是专为这项研究开发的，因此是新的。它可能需要额外的复制来进一步增强该方法。
结论
波兰团队使用的方法有助于在研究早期发现潜在问题。这一关键步骤提高了结果的严谨性，并提高了国家间分析的可比性，同时节省了资金和资源。建议在国家护理劳动力研究中使用跨文化适应工具时采用这种方法。
对护理和卫生政策的影响
希望开展国家护理劳动力调查以改善护理人力资源政策的国家可能会发现本文提供的见解对指导国家层面的护理劳动力研究实施有用。
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