Rana Abdul Qayyum, Ahmed Uzma S, Chaudry Zishan M, Vasan Sai
Parkinson's Clinic of Eastern Toronto & Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2015 May;15(5):549-62. doi: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1038244.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from degeneration of the substantia nigra and the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. Most treatments are geared toward the management and relief of motor symptoms in Parkinson's patients; however, as the disease progresses, various complications can be observed. Non-motor symptoms (NMS) may arise simply from the disease itself and are highly destructive to quality of life. These symptoms include mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, pain, sensory dysfunction, and dysautonomia. Though it is undisputed that many NMS may appear years or even decades prior to the clinical diagnosis of PD, the focus of this review will be the overt motor phase of the condition. As such, the focus of this paper is to review the major NMS found in PD patients status post-diagnosis, their etiology, as well as treatment options available for the individual NMS.
帕金森病（PD）是一种由黑质和多巴胺能黑质纹状体通路变性引起的神经退行性疾病。大多数治疗方法旨在管理和缓解帕金森病患者的运动症状；然而，随着疾病进展，可以观察到各种并发症。非运动症状（NMS）可能仅仅由疾病本身引起，并且对生活质量具有高度破坏性。这些症状包括情绪障碍、认知功能障碍、疼痛、感觉功能障碍和自主神经功能障碍。尽管无可争议的是，许多非运动症状可能在帕金森病临床诊断前数年甚至数十年就已出现，但本综述的重点将是该疾病的明显运动阶段。因此，本文的重点是回顾帕金森病患者确诊后出现的主要非运动症状、其病因以及针对个体非运动症状的可用治疗选择。
