Kelly Ann H, Lezaun Javier
Department of Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of Exeter, UK.
Institute for Science, Innovation and Society, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, UK.
Sci Cult (Lond). 2013 Mar;22(1):86-107. doi: 10.1080/09505431.2013.776368.
Few places bear as much historical and scientific significance as the breeding ground, the accumulation of stagnant water where disease-carrying insects lay their eggs. Since the turn of the twentieth century, when mosquitoes of the genus were identified as the vector of malaria transmission, these aquatic habitats have been a key object of epidemiological research and public health intervention against the disease. Yet the breeding ground can be incorporated into a number of different topologies, each implying a different spatialization of malaria and a distinct imagination of what kind of mosquito control is 'doable'. A contemporary example of malaria control in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, illuminates an essential tension between what we characterize as territorial and bionomic approaches to the breeding ground-that is, between control strategies premised on treating all mosquito habitats within a given region, and those that prioritize certain sites on the basis of their position within ecological networks. Each topology localizes the breeding ground by reference to a distinct set of relations, and thus advances an idiosyncratic understanding of what sort of research is worthwhile conducting and what kinds of intervention are sustainable. The multiple ways in which the breeding ground can become an object of research and action clarifies the role of topology as an infra-logic of public health, and makes explicit the politics implicit in efforts to bring different orders of the local to scale.
很少有地方能像滋生地那样承载着如此多的历史和科学意义，滋生地是积水的聚集地，携带疾病的昆虫在此产卵。自20世纪初，当该属蚊子被确认为疟疾传播的媒介以来，这些水生栖息地一直是针对该疾病的流行病学研究和公共卫生干预的关键对象。然而，滋生地可以被纳入多种不同的拓扑结构中，每种拓扑结构都意味着疟疾的不同空间化以及对何种蚊虫控制措施“可行”的独特想象。坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆市疟疾控制的一个当代例子，揭示了我们所描述的针对滋生地的领土方法和生态方法之间的一种基本张力，也就是说，在基于处理给定区域内所有蚊虫栖息地的控制策略与那些基于其在生态网络中的位置而优先考虑某些地点的策略之间。每种拓扑结构都通过参考一组不同的关系来定位滋生地，从而推进了对何种研究值得进行以及何种干预是可持续的独特理解。滋生地能够成为研究和行动对象的多种方式，阐明了拓扑结构作为公共卫生基础逻辑的作用，并明确了将地方的不同秩序进行规模化努力中所隐含的政治因素。
