Rollings Kimberly A, Wells Nancy M, Evans Gary W
School of Architecture, University of Notre Dame, 110 Bond Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Design and Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, 1411 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2015 Apr 29;5(2):190-202. doi: 10.3390/bs5020190.
Although sociodemographic factors are one aspect of understanding the effects of neighborhood environments on health, equating neighborhood quality with socioeconomic status ignores the important role of physical neighborhood attributes. Prior work on neighborhood environments and health has relied primarily on level of socioeconomic disadvantage as the indicator of neighborhood quality without attention to physical neighborhood quality. A small but increasing number of studies have assessed neighborhood physical characteristics. Findings generally indicate that there is an association between living in deprived neighborhoods and poor health outcomes, but rigorous evidence linking specific physical neighborhood attributes to particular health outcomes is lacking. This paper discusses the methodological challenges and limitations of measuring physical neighborhood environments relevant to health and concludes with proposed directions for future work.
虽然社会人口因素是理解邻里环境对健康影响的一个方面，但将邻里质量等同于社会经济地位忽视了邻里物理属性的重要作用。先前关于邻里环境与健康的研究主要依赖社会经济劣势水平作为邻里质量的指标，而没有关注邻里物理质量。越来越多的少量研究评估了邻里的物理特征。研究结果普遍表明，生活在贫困社区与不良健康结果之间存在关联，但缺乏将特定邻里物理属性与特定健康结果联系起来的严格证据。本文讨论了测量与健康相关的邻里物理环境的方法挑战和局限性，并最后提出了未来工作的方向。
