Brzóska Malgorzata M, Borowska Sylwia, Tomczyk Michal
Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, A. Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
Curr Drug Targets. 2016;17(12):1350-84. doi: 10.2174/1389450116666150506114336.
Epidemiological studies provide a growing number of evidences that chronic exposure to relatively low levels of cadmium (Cd), nowadays taking place in industrialized countries, may cause health hazard. Thus, growing interest has been focused on effective ways of protection from adverse effects of exposure to this heavy metal. Because numerous effects to Cd's toxic action result from its prooxidative properties, it seems reasonable that special attention should be directed to agents that can prevent or reduce this metal-induced oxidative stress and its consequences in tissues, organs and systems at risk of toxicity, including liver, kidneys, testes, ears, eyes, cardiovascular system and nervous system as well as bone tissue. This review discusses a wide range of natural (plant and animal origin) and synthetic antioxidants together with many plant extracts (e.g. black and green tea, Aronia melanocarpa, Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Ocimum sanctum, Phoenix dactylifera, Physalis peruviana, Zingiber officinale) that have been shown to prevent from Cd toxicity. Moreover, some attention has been focused on the fact that substances not possessing antioxidative potential may also prevent Cd-induced oxidative stress and its consequences. So far, most of the data on the protective effects of the natural and synthetic antioxidants and plant extracts come from studies in animals' models; however, numerous of them seem to be promising preventive/therapeutic strategies for Cd toxicity in humans. Further investigation of prophylactic and therapeutic use of antioxidants in populations exposed to Cd environmentally and occupationally is warranted, given that therapeutically effective chelation therapy for this toxic metal is currently lacking.
流行病学研究提供了越来越多的证据表明，在工业化国家中，长期接触相对低水平的镉（Cd）可能会对健康造成危害。因此，人们越来越关注有效预防这种重金属暴露产生的不利影响的方法。由于镉的促氧化特性会导致其产生众多毒性作用，所以将特别关注指向那些能够预防或减轻这种金属诱导的氧化应激及其在有中毒风险的组织、器官和系统（包括肝脏、肾脏、睾丸、耳朵、眼睛、心血管系统和神经系统以及骨组织）中的后果的物质似乎是合理的。这篇综述讨论了广泛的天然（植物和动物来源）和合成抗氧化剂，以及许多已被证明能预防镉毒性的植物提取物（如红茶、绿茶、黑果腺肋花楸、大蒜、洋葱、罗勒、海枣、灯笼果、生姜）。此外，一些关注集中在这样一个事实上，即不具有抗氧化潜力的物质也可能预防镉诱导的氧化应激及其后果。到目前为止，关于天然和合成抗氧化剂以及植物提取物保护作用的大多数数据来自动物模型研究；然而，它们中的许多似乎是对人类镉毒性有前景的预防/治疗策略。鉴于目前缺乏针对这种有毒金属的治疗有效的螯合疗法，对环境和职业接触镉人群中抗氧化剂的预防性和治疗性用途进行进一步研究是必要的。
