Toro A Richard, Córdova J Alicia, Canales Mauricio, Morales S Raul G E, Mardones P Pedro, Leiva G Manuel A
Centro de Ciencias Ambientales and Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
Clínica de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Alérgicas Miguel Servet, Almirante Pastene N° 150-118, Providencia, Santiago, Chile; Fundación de Aerobiología Medio Ambiente y Salud, Pérez Valenzuela 1572, Of 404, Santiago, Chile.
PLoS One. 2015 May 6;10(5):e0123077. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123077. eCollection 2015.
Pollen is one of the primary causes of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in urban centers. In the present study, the concentrations of 39 different pollens in the Santiago de Chile metropolitan area over the period 2009-2013 are characterized. The pollen was monitored daily using Burkard volumetric equipment. The contribution of each type of pollen and the corresponding time trends are evaluated. The concentrations of the pollens are compared with the established threshold levels for the protection of human health. The results show that the total amount of pollen grains originating from trees, grasses, weeds and indeterminate sources throughout the period of the study was 258,496 grains m-3, with an annual average of 51,699 ± 3,906 grains m-3 year-1. The primary source of pollen is Platanus orientalis, which produces 61.8% of the analyzed pollen. Grass pollen is the third primary component of the analyzed pollen, with a contribution of 5.82%. Among the weeds, the presence of Urticacea (3.74%) is remarkable. The pollination pattern of the trees is monophasic, and the grasses have a biphasic pattern. The trends indicate that the total pollen and tree pollen do not present a time trend that is statistically significant throughout the period of the study, whereas the grass pollen and weed pollen concentrations in the environment present a statistically significant decreasing trend. The cause of this decrease is unclear. The pollen load has doubled over the past decade. When the observed concentrations of the pollens were compared with the corresponding threshold levels, the results indicated that over the period of the study, the pollen concentrations were at moderate, high and very high levels for an average of 293 days per year. Systematic counts of the pollen grains are an essential method for diagnosing and treating patients with pollinosis and for developing forestation and urban planning strategies.
花粉是城市中心过敏性鼻结膜炎的主要病因之一。在本研究中，对2009年至2013年期间智利圣地亚哥大都市区39种不同花粉的浓度进行了特征描述。使用伯卡德容积式设备每日监测花粉。评估了每种花粉的贡献及相应的时间趋势。将花粉浓度与既定的保护人类健康阈值水平进行比较。结果表明，在整个研究期间，来自树木、草本植物、杂草和不明来源的花粉颗粒总量为258,496粒/立方米，年平均为51,699±3,906粒/立方米·年。花粉的主要来源是悬铃木，其产生了61.8%的分析花粉。草花粉是分析花粉的第三主要成分，贡献为5.82%。在杂草中，荨麻科植物的存在（3.74%）较为显著。树木的授粉模式为单峰型，草本植物为双峰型。趋势表明，在整个研究期间，总花粉和树花粉没有呈现出具有统计学意义的时间趋势，而环境中的草花粉和杂草花粉浓度呈现出具有统计学意义的下降趋势。这种下降的原因尚不清楚。在过去十年中花粉负荷增加了一倍。当将观察到的花粉浓度与相应的阈值水平进行比较时，结果表明，在研究期间，花粉浓度处于中度、高度和非常高的水平，平均每年293天。对花粉颗粒进行系统计数是诊断和治疗花粉症患者以及制定造林和城市规划策略的重要方法。
