University of Haifa, Israel
University of Haifa, Israel.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2016 May;20(2):176-93. doi: 10.1177/1088868315585269. Epub 2015 May 12.
Research on group influence has yielded a prototypical majority effect (PME): Majority views are endorsed faster and with greater confidence than minority views, with the difference increasing with majority size. The PME was attributed to conformity pressure enhancing confidence in consensual views and causing inhibition in venturing deviant opinions. Our results, however, indicate that PME for binary choices can arise from the process underlying confidence and latency independent of social influence. PME was demonstrated for tasks and conditions that are stripped of social relevance; it was observed in within-individual analyses in contrasting the individual's more frequent and less frequent responses to the same item, and was found for the predictions of others' responses. A self-consistency model, which assumes that choice and confidence are based on the sampling of representations from a commonly shared pool of representations, yielded a PME for confidence and latency. Behavioral implications of the results are discussed.
群体影响研究产生了典型的多数效应（PME）：与少数观点相比，多数观点得到的认可更快，信心也更强，而且随着多数派规模的扩大，差异也会增大。PME 归因于从众压力增强了对一致观点的信心，并导致对冒险发表不同意见的抑制。然而，我们的结果表明，对于二元选择，PME 可以源于与社会影响无关的信心和潜伏期背后的过程。在没有社会相关性的任务和条件下，PME 得到了证明；在个体对同一项目的更频繁和不频繁的反应的个体内分析中观察到了这一点，并且在对他人反应的预测中也观察到了这一点。一个自我一致性模型，假设选择和信心是基于从共同的代表性共同池中采样的代表性，为信心和潜伏期产生了 PME。讨论了结果的行为影响。
