Rütten A, Wolff A, Streber A
Institut für Sportwissenschaft und Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
Gesundheitswesen. 2016 Mar;78(3):139-45. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1548883. Epub 2015 May 18.
This article discusses 2 current issues in the field of public health research: (i) transfer of scientific knowledge into practice and (ii) sustainable implementation of good practice projects. It also supports integration of scientific and practice-based evidence production. Furthermore, it supports utilisation of interactive models that transcend deductive approaches to the process of knowledge transfer.
Existing theoretical approaches, pilot studies and thoughtful conceptual considerations are incorporated into a framework showing the interplay of science, politics and prevention practice, which fosters a more sustainable implementation of health promotion programmes. The framework depicts 4 key processes of interaction between science and prevention practice: interactive knowledge to action, capacity building, programme adaptation and adaptation of the implementation context.
Ensuring sustainability of health promotion programmes requires a concentrated process of integrating scientific and practice-based evidence production in the context of implementation. Central to the integration process is the approach of interactive knowledge to action, which especially benefits from capacity building processes that facilitate participation and systematic interaction between relevant stakeholders. Intense cooperation also induces a dynamic interaction between multiple actors and components such as health promotion programmes, target groups, relevant organisations and social, cultural and political contexts. The reciprocal adaptation of programmes and key components of the implementation context can foster effectiveness and sustainability of programmes.
Sustainable implementation of evidence-based health promotion programmes requires alternatives to recent deductive models of knowledge transfer. Interactive approaches prove to be promising alternatives. Simultaneously, they change the responsibilities of science, policy and public health practice. Existing boundaries within disciplines and sectors are overcome by arranging transdisciplinary teams as well as by developing common agendas and procedures. Such approaches also require adaptations of the structure of research projects such as extending the length of funding.
本文讨论公共卫生研究领域的两个当前问题：（i）科学知识向实践的转化，以及（ii）良好实践项目的可持续实施。它还支持科学证据和基于实践的证据生成的整合。此外，它支持利用超越演绎方法的交互式模型来进行知识转移过程。
将现有的理论方法、试点研究和深入的概念性思考纳入一个框架，该框架展示了科学、政策和预防实践之间的相互作用，促进了健康促进项目更可持续的实施。该框架描绘了科学与预防实践之间相互作用的4个关键过程：交互式知识到行动、能力建设、项目调整和实施环境调整。
确保健康促进项目的可持续性需要在实施背景下集中整合科学证据和基于实践的证据生成的过程。整合过程的核心是交互式知识到行动的方法，这尤其受益于促进相关利益攸关方之间参与和系统互动的能力建设过程。密切合作还会在多个行为体和组成部分之间引发动态互动，如健康促进项目、目标群体、相关组织以及社会、文化和政治背景。项目与实施环境关键组成部分的相互调整可以促进项目的有效性和可持续性。
基于证据的健康促进项目的可持续实施需要替代近期演绎式知识转移模型。交互式方法被证明是有前途的替代方案。同时，它们改变了科学、政策和公共卫生实践的职责。通过组建跨学科团队以及制定共同议程和程序，克服了学科和部门内现有的界限。此类方法还需要调整研究项目的结构，如延长资助期限。
