Zwart Hub, Landeweerd Laurens, van Rooij Arjan
Department of Philosophy and Science Studies, Faculty of Science, Institute for Science, Innovation and Society (ISIS), Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,
Life Sci Soc Policy. 2014 Dec;10:11. doi: 10.1186/s40504-014-0011-x. Epub 2014 May 14.
Two decades ago, in 1994, in the context of the 4(th) EU Framework Programme, ELSA was introduced as a label for developing and funding research into the ethical, legal and social aspects of emerging sciences and technologies. Currently, particularly in the context of EU funding initiatives such as Horizon2020, a new label has been forged, namely Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). What is implied in this metonymy, this semantic shift? What is so new about RRI in comparison to ELSA? First of all, for both labels, the signifier (S) was introduced in a top-down manner, well before the concept that was signified by it (s) had acquired a clear and stable profile. In other words, the signifier preceded (and helped or helps to shape) the research strategies actually covered by these labels (the precedence of the signifier over the signified: S/s). Moreover, the newness of RRI does not reside in its interactive and anticipatory orientation, as is suggested by authors who introduced the term, but rather in its emphases on social-economic impacts (valorisation, employment and competitiveness).
二十年前，即1994年，在欧盟第四个框架计划的背景下，“新兴科学技术的伦理、法律和社会方面研究”（ELSA）作为一个用于开展和资助相关研究的标签被引入。目前，特别是在诸如“地平线2020”等欧盟资助计划的背景下，一个新的标签已经形成，即“负责任的研究与创新”（RRI）。这种转喻，这种语义转变意味着什么？与ELSA相比，RRI新在哪里？首先，对于这两个标签而言，能指（S）都是以自上而下的方式引入的，远在其所指（s）的概念形成清晰稳定的轮廓之前。换句话说，能指先于（并有助于或正在塑造）这些标签实际涵盖的研究策略（能指相对于所指的优先性：S/s）。此外，RRI的新颖之处并不在于其互动性和前瞻性导向，正如引入该术语的作者所暗示的那样，而在于它对社会经济影响（增值、就业和竞争力）的强调。
