Jaligama Sridhar, Chen Zaili, Saravia Jordy, Yadav Nikki, Lomnicki Slawomir M, Dugas Tammy R, Cormier Stephania A
†Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States.
⊥Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Jul 21;49(14):8769-76. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01439. Epub 2015 Jul 9.
The ″in situ burning" of trapped crude oil on the surface of Gulf waters during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill released numerous pollutants, including combustion-generated particulate matter (PM). Limited information is available on the respiratory impact of inhaled in situ burned oil sail particulate matter (OSPM). Here we utilized PM collected from in situ burn plumes of the DWH oil spill to study the acute effects of exposure to OSPM on pulmonary health. OSPM caused dose-and time-dependent cytotoxicity and generated reactive oxygen species and superoxide radicals in vitro. Additionally, mice exposed to OSPM exhibited significant decreases in body weight gain, systemic oxidative stress in the form of increased serum 8-isoprostane (8-IP) levels, and airway inflammation in the form of increased macrophages and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Further, in a mouse model of allergic asthma, OSPM caused increased T helper 2 cells (Th2), peribronchiolar inflammation, and increased airway mucus production. These findings demonstrate that acute exposure to OSPM results in pulmonary inflammation and alteration of innate/adaptive immune responses in mice and highlight potential respiratory effects associated with cleaning up an oil spill.
2010年“深水地平线”（DWH）漏油事故期间，墨西哥湾水域表面被困原油的“原地燃烧”释放了大量污染物，包括燃烧产生的颗粒物（PM）。关于吸入原地燃烧的油膜颗粒物（OSPM）对呼吸道影响的信息有限。在此，我们利用从DWH漏油事故原地燃烧羽流中收集的颗粒物，研究暴露于OSPM对肺部健康的急性影响。OSPM在体外引起剂量和时间依赖性细胞毒性，并产生活性氧和超氧自由基。此外，暴露于OSPM的小鼠体重增加显著下降，血清8-异前列腺素（8-IP）水平升高形式的全身氧化应激，以及支气管肺泡灌洗液中巨噬细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞增加形式的气道炎症。此外，在过敏性哮喘小鼠模型中，OSPM导致辅助性T细胞2（Th2）增加、支气管周围炎症和气道黏液分泌增加。这些发现表明，急性暴露于OSPM会导致小鼠肺部炎症和固有/适应性免疫反应改变，并突出了与清理漏油相关的潜在呼吸道影响。
