Wiener Judith, Biondic Daniella, Grimbos Teresa, Herbert Monique
Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development, OISE/University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V6, Canada.
Child, Youth and Family Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St. West, Toronto, ON, M6K 1H4, Canada.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2016 Apr;44(3):561-74. doi: 10.1007/s10802-015-0050-7.
This study examined parenting stress among parents of adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The sample comprised 138 adolescents (84 ADHD, 52 boys, 32 girls; 54 non-ADHD, 24 boys, 30 girls) age 13 to 18 and their parents. Mothers (n = 135) and fathers (n = 98) of participating teens completed the Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents. Mothers and fathers of adolescents with ADHD reported more stress than parents of adolescents without ADHD with regard to their children's challenging behaviors (Adolescent domain stress). Mothers of adolescents with ADHD also reported that they experienced elevated levels of stress in terms of role restrictions, feelings of social alienation, conflict with their partner, feelings of guilt and incompetence (Parent domain stress), and relationship with their children (Adolescent-Parent Relationship domain stress; APR). The extent to which clinical levels of adolescent Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms or externalizing behavior in general were associated with parenting stress depended on the rater of these behaviors. Parenting stress was associated with higher levels of ODD and other externalizing behaviors when these behaviors were rated by parents but not when they were rated by teachers. In addition, over and above adolescent ADHD classification, mothers' self-reported ADHD symptoms were associated with higher parenting stress in the Adolescent and Parent domains, and fathers' self-reported ADHD symptoms were associated with lower APR stress. The results suggest directions that should be considered for addressing parenting stress when designing interventions for families of adolescents with ADHD.
本研究调查了患有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)青少年的父母的育儿压力。样本包括138名年龄在13至18岁的青少年(84名ADHD患者,52名男孩,32名女孩;54名非ADHD患者,24名男孩,30名女孩)及其父母。参与研究的青少年的母亲(n = 135)和父亲(n = 98)完成了青少年父母压力指数调查。患有ADHD的青少年的父母在孩子具有挑战性的行为方面(青少年领域压力)比没有ADHD的青少年的父母报告了更多压力。患有ADHD的青少年的母亲还报告说,她们在角色限制、社会疏离感、与伴侣的冲突、内疚感和无能感(父母领域压力)以及与孩子的关系(青少年 - 父母关系领域压力;APR)方面经历了更高水平的压力。青少年对立违抗障碍(ODD)症状或一般外化行为的临床水平与育儿压力的关联程度取决于这些行为的评估者。当这些行为由父母评估时,育儿压力与更高水平的ODD和其他外化行为相关,但由教师评估时则不然。此外,除了青少年ADHD分类之外,母亲自我报告的ADHD症状与青少年和父母领域中更高的育儿压力相关,而父亲自我报告的ADHD症状与较低的APR压力相关。研究结果为设计针对患有ADHD的青少年家庭的干预措施时应对育儿压力提供了应考虑的方向。