Baylor University - Louise Herrington School of Nursing, 3700 Worth Street, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
Baylor University - Louise Herrington School of Nursing, 3700 Worth Street, Dallas, TX 75246, USA; Baylor University - Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, One Bear Place #97303, Waco, TX 76798-7303, USA.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2015 Dec;52(12):1879-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Jul 17.
A profound nursing shortage exists in India where nurses are increasingly outmigrating to practice nursing in surrounding countries and abroad. This is important globally because countries with the lowest nursing and healthcare workforce capacities have the poorest health outcomes.
This review sought to synthesize and unify the evidence about nurse migration from India and includes a look at nurse retention within India.
A comprehensive literature review was performed to synthesize and unify both qualitative and quantitative research.
Bibliographic databases searched included CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EconLit using associated keywords for empirical and descriptive literature published between January 2004 and May 2014. Hand searches of the Nursing Journal of India from 2004 to February 2014 and the Journal of Nursing Research Society of India from its inception in 2007-February 2014 were also completed.
29 studies were selected and analyzed for the review. Data were appraised for quality; reduced through sub-categorization; extracted; and coded into a framework. Thematic interpretation occurred through comparing and contrasting performed by multiple reviewers.
Findings included an exponential growth in nurse recruitment efforts, nurse migration, and a concomitant growth in educational institutions within India with regional variations in nurse migration patterns. Decision-making factors for migration were based on working conditions, salience of family, and the desire for knowledge, skill, technology, adventure and personal enrichment. Challenges associated with migration included questionable recruiting practices, differing scopes of practice encountered after migration and experiences of racism and cultural differences. A shift toward a positive transformation of nursing status in India has resulted in an increased respect for individual nurses and the profession of nursing. This was attributed to the increased globalization of nursing.
Results from this review can be used to shape health policy and advocate for nursing reform in India. As India's healthcare infrastructure continues to evolve, effective programs to improve conditions for nurses and retain them in India are needed. Additionally, as the globalization of nurses increases, more research is needed to develop effective programs to aid in a smooth transition for nurses who migrate from India.
印度存在着严重的护理人员短缺问题，越来越多的护士移民到周边国家和其他国家从事护理工作。这在全球范围内很重要，因为护理和医疗保健劳动力能力最低的国家健康状况最差。
本综述旨在综合和统一有关印度护士移民的证据，并研究印度国内的护士留用情况。
对定性和定量研究进行了全面的文献综述，以进行综合和统一。
使用 2004 年 1 月至 2014 年 5 月期间发表的实证和描述性文献的相关关键词，在 CINAHL、MEDLINE、PsycINFO 和 EconLit 等书目数据库中进行了搜索。还对 2004 年至 2014 年 2 月的《印度护理杂志》和 2007 年至 2014 年 2 月的《印度护理研究协会杂志》进行了手工搜索。
选择并分析了 29 项研究。对质量进行了评估；通过分类进行了简化；提取并按照框架进行了编码。通过多个评审员的比较和对比进行了主题解释。
研究结果包括护士招聘工作、护士移民的指数增长，以及印度国内教育机构的相应增长，同时存在着区域间护士移民模式的差异。移民决策因素基于工作条件、家庭的重要性以及对知识、技能、技术、冒险和个人充实的渴望。与移民相关的挑战包括招聘工作存在问题、移民后遇到的实践范围不同以及遇到种族主义和文化差异的经历。印度的护理地位朝着积极转变的趋势导致对个别护士和护理专业的尊重增加。这归因于护理的全球化。
本综述的结果可用于制定印度的卫生政策和倡导护理改革。随着印度医疗保健基础设施的不断发展，需要制定有效的计划来改善印度护士的工作条件并留住他们。此外，随着护士全球化的增加，需要进行更多的研究，以制定有效的计划，帮助从印度移民的护士顺利过渡。
