Glatz Martin, Bosshard Philipp P, Hoetzenecker Wolfram, Schmid-Grendelmeier Peter
Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
J Clin Med. 2015 May 29;4(6):1217-28. doi: 10.3390/jcm4061217.
Malassezia spp. is a genus of lipophilic yeasts and comprises the most common fungi on healthy human skin. Despite its role as a commensal on healthy human skin, Malassezia spp. is attributed a pathogenic role in atopic dermatitis. The mechanisms by which Malassezia spp. may contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis are not fully understood. Here, we review the latest findings on the pathogenetic role of Malassezia spp. in atopic dermatitis (AD). For example, Malassezia spp. produces a variety of immunogenic proteins that elicit the production of specific IgE antibodies and may induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, Malassezia spp. induces auto-reactive T cells that cross-react between fungal proteins and their human counterparts. These mechanisms contribute to skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis and therefore influence the course of this disorder. Finally, we discuss the possible benefit of an anti-Malassezia spp. treatment in patients with atopic dermatitis.
马拉色菌属是一类嗜脂性酵母，是健康人皮肤上最常见的真菌。尽管马拉色菌属在健康人皮肤上作为共生菌发挥作用，但它在特应性皮炎中被认为具有致病作用。马拉色菌属可能导致特应性皮炎发病的机制尚未完全明确。在此，我们综述了马拉色菌属在特应性皮炎（AD）中致病作用的最新研究结果。例如，马拉色菌属产生多种免疫原性蛋白，可引发特异性IgE抗体的产生，并可能诱导促炎细胞因子的释放。此外，马拉色菌属可诱导自身反应性T细胞，这些T细胞在真菌蛋白与其人类对应物之间发生交叉反应。这些机制导致特应性皮炎中的皮肤炎症，从而影响该疾病的病程。最后，我们讨论了抗马拉色菌属治疗对特应性皮炎患者可能带来的益处。
