Sharma Ajay, McQuillan A James, Sharma Lavanya A, Waddell John Neil, Shibata Yo, Duncan Warwick John
Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Walsh Building, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand,
J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2015 Aug;26(8):221. doi: 10.1007/s10856-015-5555-7. Epub 2015 Aug 11.
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been popularly used as implant biomaterial for decades. Recently, titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy has been developed as an alternative implant material with improved strength in load bearing areas. Surface modification is one of the key factors to alter the surface properties to hasten osseointegration. Spark anodic oxidation (anodization) is one such method that is reported to enhance the bone formation around implants. This study aims to anodize TiZr and study its surface characteristics and cytocompatibility by cell culture experiments using osteoblast-like cells. Titanium (Ti) and TiZr discs were anodized in an electrolyte containing DL-α-glycerophosphate and calcium acetate (CA) at 300 V. The surface characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy and goniometry. Using osteoblast-like cells viability, proliferation, differentiation and mineralization was assessed. The anodized surfaces demonstrated increased oxygen, entrapped calcium and phosphorous from the electrolyte used. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of anatase in the oxide layer. Average roughness increased and there was a significant decrease in contact angle (P < 0.01) following anodization. The anodized TiZr (aTiZr) surfaces were more nano-porous compared to anodized Ti (aTi). No significant difference was found in the viability of cells, but after 24 h the total number of cells was significantly higher (P < 0.01). Proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposits were significantly higher on anodized surfaces compared to machined surfaces (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Anodization of TiZr resulted in a more nanoporous and hydrophilic surface than aTi, and osteoblast biocompatibility appeared comparable to aTi.
几十年来，钛（Ti）及其合金一直被广泛用作植入生物材料。最近，钛锆（TiZr）合金已被开发为一种替代植入材料，在承重区域具有更高的强度。表面改性是改变表面性质以加速骨整合的关键因素之一。火花阳极氧化（阳极氧化）就是这样一种方法，据报道它能增强植入物周围的骨形成。本研究旨在对TiZr进行阳极氧化，并通过使用成骨样细胞的细胞培养实验研究其表面特性和细胞相容性。将钛（Ti）和TiZr圆盘在含有DL-α-甘油磷酸酯和醋酸钙（CA）的电解质中于300V下进行阳极氧化。通过扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱、X射线衍射（XRD）、原子力显微镜和测角法分析表面特性。使用成骨样细胞评估细胞活力、增殖、分化和矿化情况。阳极氧化后的表面显示出从所用电解质中捕获的氧、钙和磷增加。XRD分析证实氧化层中存在锐钛矿。阳极氧化后平均粗糙度增加，接触角显著减小（P < 0.01）。与阳极氧化钛（aTi）相比，阳极氧化TiZr（aTiZr）表面的纳米多孔性更强。细胞活力未发现显著差异，但24小时后细胞总数显著更高（P < 0.01）。与加工表面相比，阳极氧化表面的增殖、碱性磷酸酶活性和钙沉积显著更高（P < 0.05，方差分析）。TiZr的阳极氧化导致表面比aTi具有更多的纳米孔和亲水性，并且成骨细胞生物相容性与aTi相当。
