Hayashi Yusuke, Russo Christopher T, Wirth Oliver
Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA.
Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2015 Oct;83:182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.025. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
The goal of the present study was to examine the utility of a behavioral economic analysis to investigate the role of delay discounting in texting while driving. A sample of 147 college students completed a survey to assess how frequently they send and read text messages while driving. Based on this information, students were assigned to one of two groups: 19 students who frequently text while driving and 19 matched-control students who infrequently text while driving but were similar in gender, age, years of education, and years driving. The groups were compared on the extent to which they discounted, or devalued, delayed hypothetical monetary rewards using a delay-discounting task. In this task, students made repeated choices between $1000 available after a delay (ranging from 1 week to 10 years) and an equal or lesser amount of money available immediately. The results show that the students who frequently text while driving discounted delayed rewards at a greater rate than the matched control students. The study supports the conclusions that texting while driving is fundamentally an impulsive choice made by drivers, and that a behavioral economic approach may be a useful research tool for investigating the decision-making processes underlying risky behaviors.
本研究的目的是检验行为经济学分析在调查驾驶时发短信行为中延迟折扣所起作用的效用。147名大学生样本完成了一项调查，以评估他们在驾驶时发送和阅读短信的频率。基于这些信息，学生被分为两组：19名经常在驾驶时发短信的学生和19名匹配的对照学生，后者很少在驾驶时发短信，但在性别、年龄、受教育年限和驾驶年限方面相似。使用延迟折扣任务，比较两组对延迟的假设货币奖励进行折扣或贬值的程度。在这个任务中,学生在延迟（从1周到10年）后可得的1000美元和立即可得的同等金额或较少金额之间反复做出选择。结果表明，经常在驾驶时发短信的学生比匹配的对照学生以更高的比率对延迟奖励进行折扣。该研究支持以下结论：驾驶时发短信从根本上来说是驾驶员做出的冲动选择，并且行为经济学方法可能是研究风险行为背后决策过程的有用研究工具。
