Melchers Martin Christoph, Plieger Thomas, Meermann Rolf, Reuter Martin
Department of Psychology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany.
AHG Psychosomatic Hospital , Bad Pyrmont , Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2015 Aug 13;6:113. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00113. eCollection 2015.
Stress-related affective disorders have been identified as a core health problem of the twenty-first century. In the endeavor to identify vulnerability factors, personality has been discussed as a major factor explaining and predicting disorders like depression or burnout. An unsolved question is whether there are specific personality factors allowing differentiation of burnout from depression. The present study tested the relation between one of the most prominent, biological personality theories, Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory, and common measures of burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory General) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory 2) in a sample of German employees (N = 944) and a sample of inpatients (N = 425). Although the same personality traits (harm avoidance and self-directedness) were predominantly associated with burnout and depression, there was a much stronger association to depression than to burnout in both samples. Besides, we observed specific associations between personality traits and subcomponents of burnout. Our results underline differences in the association of burnout vs. depression to personality, which may mirror differences in scope. While symptoms of depression affect all aspects of life, burnout is supposed to be specifically related to the workplace and its requirements. The much stronger association of personality to depression can be important to select appropriate therapy methods and to develop a more specified treatment for burnout in comparison to depression.
与压力相关的情感障碍已被确认为21世纪的核心健康问题。在确定易患因素的努力中，人格被视为解释和预测诸如抑郁症或职业倦怠等疾病的主要因素。一个尚未解决的问题是，是否存在特定的人格因素能够区分职业倦怠和抑郁症。本研究在一个德国员工样本（N = 944）和一个住院患者样本（N = 425）中，测试了最著名的生物学人格理论之一——克隆宁格的气质与性格量表，与职业倦怠（马氏职业倦怠量表通用版）和抑郁症（贝克抑郁量表第二版）的常用测量方法之间的关系。尽管相同的人格特质（避免伤害和自我导向）主要与职业倦怠和抑郁症相关，但在两个样本中，与抑郁症的关联都比与职业倦怠的关联要强得多。此外，我们观察到人格特质与职业倦怠子成分之间存在特定关联。我们的结果强调了职业倦怠与抑郁症在与人格关联方面的差异，这可能反映了范围上的差异。虽然抑郁症症状会影响生活的各个方面，但职业倦怠被认为与工作场所及其要求有特定关系。人格与抑郁症的更强关联对于选择合适的治疗方法以及针对职业倦怠开发比抑郁症更具针对性的治疗方法可能很重要。
