Aljuraiban Ghadeer S, Griep Linda M Oude, Chan Queenie, Daviglus Martha L, Stamler Jeremiah, Van Horn Linda, Elliott Paul, Frost Gary S
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health,Imperial College London,London W2 1PG,UK.
2Department of Preventive Medicine,Feinberg School of Medicine,Northwestern University,Chicago,IL 60208,USA.
Br J Nutr. 2015 Nov 14;114(9):1480-6. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515003098. Epub 2015 Sep 2.
Prospective cohort studies have shown inverse associations between fibre intake and CVD, possibly mediated by blood pressure (BP). However, little is known about the impact of types of fibre on BP. We examined cross-sectional associations with BP of total, insoluble and soluble fibre intakes. Data were used from the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP) study, including 2195 men and women aged between 40 and 59 years from the USA. During four visits, eight BP, four 24 h dietary recalls and two 24 h urine samples were collected. Linear regression models adjusted for lifestyle and dietary confounders to estimate BP differences per 2 sd higher intakes of total and individual types of fibre were calculated. After multivariable adjustment, total fibre intake higher by 6·8 g/4184 kJ (6·8 g/1000 kcal) was associated with a 1·69 mmHg lower systolic blood pressure (SBP; 95% CI -2·97, -0·41) and attenuated to -1·01 mmHg (95% CI -2·35, 0·34) after adjustment for urinary K. Insoluble fibre intake higher by 4·6 g/4184 kJ (4·6 g/1000 kcal) was associated with a 1·81 mmHg lower SBP (95% CI -3·65, 0·04), additionally adjusted for soluble fibre and urinary K excretion, whereas soluble fibre was not associated with BP. Raw fruit was the main source of total and insoluble fibre, followed by whole grains and vegetables. In conclusion, higher intakes of fibre, especially insoluble, may contribute to lower BP, independent of nutrients associated with higher intakes of fibre-rich foods.
前瞻性队列研究表明，纤维摄入量与心血管疾病（CVD）之间存在负相关，可能是通过血压（BP）介导的。然而，关于不同类型纤维对血压的影响知之甚少。我们研究了总纤维、不溶性纤维和可溶性纤维摄入量与血压的横断面关联。数据来自国际宏量/微量营养素与血压研究（INTERMAP），包括来自美国的2195名年龄在40至59岁之间的男性和女性。在四次访视期间，收集了八次血压测量值、四次24小时饮食回忆和两次24小时尿液样本。计算了调整生活方式和饮食混杂因素后的线性回归模型，以估计每增加2个标准差的总纤维和各类型纤维摄入量时的血压差异。经过多变量调整后，总纤维摄入量每增加6.8克/4184千焦（6.8克/1000千卡），收缩压（SBP）降低1.69毫米汞柱（95%可信区间-2.97，-0.41），在调整尿钾后减弱至-1.01毫米汞柱（95%可信区间-2.35，0.34）。不溶性纤维摄入量每增加4.6克/4184千焦（4.6克/1000千卡），SBP降低1.81毫米汞柱（95%可信区间-3.65，0.04），进一步调整了可溶性纤维和尿钾排泄，而可溶性纤维与血压无关。生水果是总纤维和不溶性纤维的主要来源，其次是全谷物和蔬菜。总之，较高的纤维摄入量，尤其是不溶性纤维，可能有助于降低血压，独立于与高纤维食物摄入量相关的营养素。
