Schönrock Stefanie, Schablon Anja, Nienhaus Albert, Peters Claudia
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (CVcare), Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (CVcare), Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany ; Department of Occupational Health Research, Institute for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services (BGW), Hamburg, Germany.
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2015 Sep 26;10:36. doi: 10.1186/s12995-015-0079-0. eCollection 2015.
Demographic changes will lead to a growing demand for healthy, motivated healthcare workers (HCW) in the years ahead. Along with well-targeted prevention, knowledge of occupational health and safety and infection precaution is essential for a healthy working life. In this context back-friendly working methods and protection from infectious diseases are necessary in elderly care.
In 2012, a survey was conducted in nine residential and two semi-residential nursing homes, as well as in one home care service in the Schwerin area of northeast Germany. Four hundred and seventy three HCWs were asked to fill in a questionnaire on what they knew about aspects of occupational health and safety such as vaccinations and preventative measures administered by occupational physicians, hygiene, back-friendly working methods and infection prevention. The statistical evaluation was descriptive, with a comparison between job title. Differences were examined with chi square or Fisher's exact test.
The response rate was 28 % (n = 132). The largest group of respondents (36 %) were qualified geriatric HCWs. More than 74 % of employees felt well informed about opportunities for precautionary checks and vaccination by occupational physician, and 93 % utilized these opportunities. When it came to assigning modes of transmission to specific infectious diseases, only 23 % of participants were well informed, and one in three (31 %) care assistants was inadequately informed. Fewer than half of participants could correctly name the indications for hand disinfection. Only 66 % of the HCWs said they were aware of training offers for the management of multidrug-resistant organisms in their institution. They did know about possible aids to back-friendly working, although gaps in knowledge were apparent. Only 59 % of respondents knew that care utensils should preferably be stored at working height so as to reduce awkward body postures.
Employees in elderly care are well informed about the range of precautionary occupational medical examinations and take advantage of this offering. Questions in the survey regarding hygiene management were answered in a competent manner. On the other hand some gaps in the knowledge about infection prevention and occupational safety became apparent. Differences between qualified and unqualified participating professionals occurred only in the knowledge of infectious diseases and pathogens and the associated path of infection. The extent to which training can help to improve infection prevention and occupational health and safety should be investigated.
人口结构变化将导致未来对健康且积极的医护人员（HCW）的需求不断增长。除了有针对性的预防措施外，职业健康与安全知识以及感染预防知识对于健康的工作生活至关重要。在这种情况下，老年护理中采用对背部友好的工作方法以及预防传染病是必要的。
2012年，在德国东北部什未林地区的九家寄宿式和两家半寄宿式养老院以及一家家庭护理服务机构进行了一项调查。473名医护人员被要求填写一份问卷，内容涉及他们对职业健康与安全方面的了解，如职业医生进行的疫苗接种和预防措施、卫生、对背部友好的工作方法以及感染预防。统计评估采用描述性方法，并按职称进行比较。差异通过卡方检验或费舍尔精确检验进行分析。
回复率为28%（n = 132）。最大的受访者群体（36%）是合格的老年护理医护人员。超过74%的员工认为自己对职业医生提供的预防性检查和疫苗接种机会有充分了解，93%的员工利用了这些机会。在将传播方式与特定传染病对应方面，只有23%的参与者了解充分，三分之一（31%）的护理助理了解不足。不到一半的参与者能正确说出手部消毒的指征。只有66%的医护人员表示他们知道所在机构提供的关于多重耐药菌管理的培训。他们确实了解一些对背部友好的工作辅助方法，尽管知识差距明显。只有59%的受访者知道护理用具最好存放在工作高度，以减少身体的 awkward 姿势。
老年护理员工对预防性职业医学检查的范围有充分了解并利用了这些服务。调查中关于卫生管理的问题得到了专业的回答。另一方面，在感染预防和职业安全知识方面存在一些差距。合格和不合格的参与专业人员之间的差异仅体现在对传染病和病原体以及相关感染途径的了解上。应研究培训在多大程度上有助于改善感染预防和职业健康与安全。
