Cobb Benjamin, Liu Renyu, Valentine Elizabeth, Onuoha Onyi
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
Transl Perioper Pain Med. 2015;1(2):1-7.
Doctors, nurses, and midwives often inform mothers to "pump and dump" their breast milk for 24 hours after receiving anesthesia to avoid passing medications to the infant. This advice, though cautious, is probably outdated. This review highlights the more recent literature regarding common anesthesia medications, their passage into breast milk, and medication effects observed in breastfed infants. We suggest continuing breastfeeding after anesthesia when the mother is awake, alert, and able to hold her infant. We recommend multiple types of medications for pain relief while minimizing sedating medications. Few medications can have sedating effects to the infant, but those medications are specifically outlined. For additional safety, anesthesia providers and patients may screen medications using the National Institute of Health' LactMed database.
医生、护士和助产士通常会告知母亲，在接受麻醉后要“挤掉并丢弃”母乳24小时，以避免将药物传递给婴儿。这条建议虽然谨慎，但可能已经过时。这篇综述着重介绍了关于常见麻醉药物、它们进入母乳的情况以及在母乳喂养婴儿中观察到的药物作用的最新文献。我们建议，当母亲清醒、警觉且能够抱持婴儿时，麻醉后可继续母乳喂养。我们推荐使用多种药物来缓解疼痛，同时尽量减少镇静药物的使用。很少有药物会对婴儿产生镇静作用，但那些药物会被具体列出。为了更高的安全性，麻醉医生和患者可以使用美国国立卫生研究院的LactMed数据库来筛选药物。
