Hallak Joelle A, Tibrewal Sapna, Jain Sandeep
*Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and †Quantitative Scientific Solutions, LLC, Arlington, Virginia.
Cornea. 2015 Dec;34(12):1545-50. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000641.
To measure depressive symptoms in patients with dry eye disease (DED) and controls using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and to determine the association between depressive and DED symptoms.
Fifty-three patients with DED and 41 controls were recruited to the study. DED symptoms were assessed using the Symptom Burden Tool and Ocular Surface Disease Index tool. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the BDI. Regression diagnostics were performed to detect outliers. Linear statistical models and polynomial regression were used to determine the relationship between depressive symptoms and DED symptoms. An independent t test was performed to determine differences in BDI scores between cases and controls. Scatter plots were generated and linear regression was used to estimate the association between scores. Logistic regression was used for the DED dichotomous outcome and depression status as exposure.
Regression models revealed that the association is linear more than quadratic or cubic. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and psychiatric medication, the regression coefficient between DED symptoms and depressive symptoms among DED cases was 1.22 (95% confidence interval, 0.27-2.18). DED symptom scores and depression scores were statistically significantly different between DED cases and controls. Adjusted logistic regression revealed an odds ratio of 2.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.96-8.12).
This study provides further evidence regarding the association between DED and depression and their symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the association between symptoms of depression and symptoms of DED.
使用贝克抑郁量表（BDI）测量干眼症（DED）患者和对照组的抑郁症状，并确定抑郁症状与DED症状之间的关联。
招募了53例DED患者和41名对照参与研究。使用症状负担工具和眼表疾病指数工具评估DED症状。使用BDI评估抑郁症状。进行回归诊断以检测异常值。使用线性统计模型和多项式回归确定抑郁症状与DED症状之间的关系。进行独立t检验以确定病例组和对照组之间BDI评分的差异。生成散点图并使用线性回归估计评分之间的关联。将DED二分结果和抑郁状态作为暴露因素进行逻辑回归分析。
回归模型显示，这种关联是线性的，而非二次或三次关系。在调整年龄、性别、种族和精神科用药后，DED病例中DED症状与抑郁症状之间的回归系数为1.22（95%置信区间，0.27 - 2.18）。DED病例组和对照组之间的DED症状评分和抑郁评分在统计学上有显著差异。调整后的逻辑回归显示比值比为2.79（95%置信区间，0.96 - 8.12）。
本研究为DED与抑郁及其症状之间的关联提供了进一步证据。需要进行前瞻性研究以了解抑郁症状与DED症状之间关联的潜在机制。
