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The scanning model for translation: an update.翻译的扫描模型：最新进展。
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Adherence to the first-AUG rule when a second AUG codon follows closely upon the first.当第二个AUG密码子紧跟在第一个之后时，对第一个AUG规则的遵循情况。
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Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes.侧翼核苷酸在真核生物核糖体识别AUG起始密码子中的可能作用。
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本文引用的文献

1
Initiation of translation of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome from a polycistronic mRNA: evidence from deletion mutagenesis.花椰菜花叶病毒基因组从多顺反子 mRNA 翻译的起始：缺失突变的证据。
EMBO J. 1984 Dec 1;3(12):2731-6. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02203.x.
2
Inability of circular mRNA to attach to eukaryotic ribosomes.环状mRNA无法附着于真核生物核糖体。
Nature. 1979 Jul 5;280(5717):82-5. doi: 10.1038/280082a0.
3
The beta2-microglobulin mRNA in human Daudi cells has a mutated initiation codon but is still inducible by interferon.人类Daudi细胞中的β2-微球蛋白信使核糖核酸有一个突变的起始密码子，但仍可被干扰素诱导。
EMBO J. 1983;2(2):239-43. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01412.x.
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Role of ATP in binding and migration of 40S ribosomal subunits.ATP在40S核糖体亚基结合与迁移中的作用。
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Activation of an internal initiation site for protein synthesis during in vitro translation.体外翻译过程中蛋白质合成内部起始位点的激活。
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Binding of wheat germ ribosomes to fragmented viral mRNA.小麦胚芽核糖体与片段化病毒信使核糖核酸的结合。
J Virol. 1980 Sep;35(3):748-56. doi: 10.1128/JVI.35.3.748-756.1980.
7
Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes.侧翼核苷酸在真核生物核糖体识别AUG起始密码子中的可能作用。
Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Oct 24;9(20):5233-52. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.20.5233.
8
Binding of ribosomes to the 5' leader sequence (N = 258) of RNA 3 from alfalfa mosaic virus.核糖体与苜蓿花叶病毒RNA 3的5'前导序列（N = 258）的结合。
Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Mar 11;9(5):1087-100. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.5.1087.
9
Messenger RNA of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus is polycistronic.传染性胰腺坏死病毒的信使核糖核酸是多顺反子的。
Nature. 1982 May 20;297(5863):243-6. doi: 10.1038/297243a0.
10
Spontaneous changes in nucleotide sequence in proviruses of spleen necrosis virus, an avian retrovirus.脾脏坏死病毒（一种禽逆转录病毒）原病毒核苷酸序列的自发变化。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(4):1230-4. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.4.1230.

翻译的扫描模型：最新进展。

The scanning model for translation: an update.

作者信息

Kozak M

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260.

出版信息

J Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;108(2):229-41. doi: 10.1083/jcb.108.2.229.

DOI:10.1083/jcb.108.2.229
PMID:2645293
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2115416/
Abstract

The small (40S) subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes is believed to bind initially at the capped 5'-end of messenger RNA and then migrate, stopping at the first AUG codon in a favorable context for initiating translation. The first-AUG rule is not absolute, but there are rules for breaking the rule. Some anomalous observations that seemed to contradict the scanning mechanism now appear to be artifacts. A few genuine anomalies remain unexplained.

摘要

真核生物核糖体的小（40S）亚基据信最初结合在信使RNA的5'端帽状结构处，然后迁移，在一个有利于起始翻译的合适环境中遇到第一个AUG密码子便停止。首个AUG规则并非绝对，但存在打破该规则的规则。一些看似与扫描机制相矛盾的异常观察结果现在看来是人为现象。仍有一些真正的异常现象无法解释。